解决这种逻辑问题的方法是什么？
解决这样的问题的方法是什么：
A 说 B 说谎
B 说 C 说谎
D 说 B 说谎
C 说 B 说谎
E 说 A 和 D 说谎
有多少人说谎，多少人说真话？ 我不是在寻找上述问题的答案，而是在寻找解决这类问题的方法。多谢。
What would be the approach to a kind of problem that sounds like this:
A says B lies
B says C lies
D says B lies
C says B lies
E says A and D lie
How many lie and how many tell the truth?
I am not looking for the answer to the problem above, but the approach to this kind of problem. Thanks a lot.
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温馨提示：
将5个方程转化为逻辑命题，你就会找到答案。
Reminder:
Transform the 5 equations into logical propositions, and you will find answers.
求解以下形式的方程
形成图表节点为 Xi 并连接 Xi 和 X j 当且仅当等式 Xi = NOT X j 出现。
现在尝试使用广度优先搜索对图进行双色。
To solve equations of the form
Form a graph with nodes as Xi and connecting Xi and X j iff the equation Xi = NOT X j appears.
Now try to 2-colour the graph using Breadth First Search.
假设你想用一个程序来解决这个问题……如果你有一个相当小的输入集，那么暴力破解实际上很容易。例如，在本例中，您基本上有 5 个布尔变量 - 每个人是否是说真话的人。
将语句编码为测试，然后运行所有可能的组合以查看哪些组合有效。
这显然是一个“愚蠢”的解决方案，对于大型输入集会失败，但它可能比完整的“推理”引擎更容易编码。我经常发现，通过考虑您实际会遇到的问题的大小，您可以少做很多工作:)
Assuming you're looking to solve this with a program... it's actually pretty easy to brute force, if you've got a reasonably small input set. For example, in this case you've basically got 5 Boolean variables - whether each person is a truth-teller or not.
Encode the statements as tests, and then run through every possible combination to see which ones are valid.
This is obviously a "dumb" solution and will fail for large input sets, but it's likely to be rather easier to code than a full "reasoning" engine. Often I find that you can get away with doing a lot less work by taking into account what size of problem you're actually going to encounter :)
使用逻辑编程语言，例如 Prolog。它们是专门为解决此类问题而设计的。
其他替代方案包括功能逻辑语言和模型检查器。
Use a logic programming language such as Prolog. They are specifically designed to solve such problems.
Other alternatives include functional-logic languages and model checkers.