如何发送utf-8电子邮件？

Question

请问如何发送utf8电子邮件？

import sys
import smtplib
import email
import re

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

def sendmail(firm, fromEmail, to, template, subject, date):
    with open(template, encoding="utf-8") as template_file:
        message = template_file.read()

    message = re.sub(r"{{\s*firm\s*}}", firm, message)
    message = re.sub(r"{{\s*date\s*}}", date, message)
    message = re.sub(r"{{\s*from\s*}}", fromEmail, message)
    message = re.sub(r"{{\s*to\s*}}", to, message)
    message = re.sub(r"{{\s*subject\s*}}", subject, message)

    msg = MIMEMultipart("alternative")
    msg.set_charset("utf-8")
    
    msg["Subject"] = subject
    msg["From"] = fromEmail
    msg["To"] = to

    #Read from template
    html = message[message.find("html:") + len("html:"):message.find("text:")].strip()
    text = message[message.find("text:") + len("text:"):].strip()

    part1 = MIMEText(html, "html")
    part2 = MIMEText(text, "plain")
    
    msg.attach(part1)    
    msg.attach(part2)

    try:
        server = smtplib.SMTP("10.0.0.5")
        server.sendmail(fromEmail, [to], msg.as_string())
        return 0
    except Exception as ex:
        #log error
        #return -1
        #debug
        raise ex
    finally:
        server.quit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    #debug
    sys.argv.append("Moje")
    sys.argv.append("[email protected]")
    sys.argv.append("[email protected]")
    sys.argv.append("may2011.template")
    sys.argv.append("This is subject")
    sys.argv.append("This is date")

    
    if len(sys.argv) != 7:
        exit(-2)

    firm = sys.argv[1]
    fromEmail = sys.argv[2]
    to = sys.argv[3]
    template = sys.argv[4]
    subject = sys.argv[5]
    date = sys.argv[6]
    
    exit(sendmail(firm, fromEmail, to, template, subject, date))

输出

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Plocha\Newsletter-build-desktop\sendmail.py", line 69, in <module>
    exit(sendmail(firm, fromEmail, to, template, subject, date))   
  File "C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Plocha\Newsletter-build-desktop\sendmail.py", line 45, in sendmail
    raise ex
  File "C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Plocha\Newsletter-build-desktop\sendmail.py", line 39, in sendmail
    server.sendmail(fromEmail, [to], msg.as_string())
  File "C:\Python32\lib\smtplib.py", line 716, in sendmail
    msg = _fix_eols(msg).encode('ascii')
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character '\u011b' in position 385: ordinal not in range(128)

Answer 1

您只需将 'utf-8' 参数添加到 MIMEText 调用中（默认情况下假定为 'us-ascii'）。

例如：

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

msg = MIMEMultipart("alternative")
msg["Subject"] = u'テストメール'
part1 = MIMEText(u'\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\uff01\n',
                 "plain", "utf-8")
msg.attach(part1)

print msg.as_string().encode('ascii')

Answer 2

Martin Drlík 提出的问题已经有 7 年零 8 个月了……如今，多亏了 Python 的开发者，编码问题在 Python 3 版本中得到了解决。

因此，不再需要指定必须使用 utf-8 编码：

#!/usr/bin/python2
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
...
    part2 = MIMEText(text, "plain", "utf-8")

我们只需编写：

#!/usr/bin/python3
...
    part2 = MIMEText(text, "plain")

最终结果：Martin Drlík 的脚本运行得非常好！

但是，最好使用 email.parser 模块，如 email 中的建议：示例。

Answer 3

这里之前的答案对于 Python 2 和早期版本的 Python 3 来说已经足够了。从 Python 3.6 开始，新代码通常应该使用现代的 EmailMessage API，而不是旧的 email.message.Message< /code> 类或相关的 MIMEMultipart、MIMEText 等类。新的 API 已在 Python 3.3 中非正式引入，因此旧的 API 应该不再是必要的，除非您需要可移植回 Python 2（或 3.2，无论如何，任何头脑正常的人都不会想要）。

使用新的 API，您不再需要手动从各部分组装显式 MIME 结构，或显式选择正文部分编码等。Unicode 也不再是特殊情况； email 库将透明地为常规文本选择合适的容器类型和编码。

import sys
import re
import smtplib
from email.message import EmailMessage

def sendmail(firm, fromEmail, to, template, subject, date):
    with open(template, "r", encoding="utf-8") as template_file:
        message = template_file.read()

    message = re.sub(r"{{\s*firm\s*}}", firm, message)
    message = re.sub(r"{{\s*date\s*}}", date, message)
    message = re.sub(r"{{\s*from\s*}}", fromEmail, message)
    message = re.sub(r"{{\s*to\s*}}", to, message)
    message = re.sub(r"{{\s*subject\s*}}", subject, message)

    msg = EmailMessage()    
    msg["Subject"] = subject
    msg["From"] = fromEmail
    msg["To"] = to

    html = message[message.find("html:") + len("html:"):message.find("text:")].strip()
    text = message[message.find("text:") + len("text:"):].strip()

    msg.set_content(text)
    msg.add_alternative(html, subtype="html")

    try:
        server = smtplib.SMTP("10.0.0.5")
        server.send_message(msg)
        return 0
    # XXX FIXME: useless
    except Exception as ex:
        raise ex
    finally:
        server.quit()
        # Explicitly return error
        return 1

if __name__ == "__main__":
    if len(sys.argv) != 7:
        # Can't return negative
        exit(2)

    exit(sendmail(*sys.argv[1:]))

我不确定我是否完全理解这里的模板处理。即使需求略有不同的从业者也应该查看Python 电子邮件 示例文档
其中包含如何实现常见电子邮件用例的几个简单示例。

毯子 except 在这里显然是多余的，但我将它作为占位符保留下来，以防您想查看异常处理可能是什么样子，如果您有一些有用的东西可以放在那里。

也许还请注意，smtplib 允许您使用上下文管理器说with SMTP("10.9.8.76") as server:。

Answer 4

在我的公司，我们使用下一个代码

import smtplib

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

...

msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg['From'] = from_addr
msg['To'] = to_addr
msg.attach(MIMEText(html, 'html', 'utf-8'))  
# or you can use 
# msg.attach(MIMEText(text, 'plain', 'utf-8')

server = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
server.sendmail(msg['From'], [msg['To']], msg.as_string())
server.quit()

Answer 5

对于可能感兴趣的人，我编写了一个使用 SMTPlib 的 Mailer 库，并处理标头、ssl/tls 安全性、附件和批量电子邮件发送。

当然，它还处理主题和正文的 UTF-8 邮件编码。

您可以在以下位置找到代码： https://github.com /netinvent/ofunctions/blob/master/ofunctions/mailer/__init__.py

相关编码部分为

message["Subject"] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
message.attach(MIMEText(body, "plain", 'utf-8'))

TL;DR：使用pip install ofunctions.mailer安装

用法：

from ofunctions.mailer import Mailer

mailer = Mailer(smtp_server='myserver', smtp_port=587)
mailer.send_email(sender_mail='[email protected]', recipient_mails=['[email protected]', '[email protected]'])

编码已设置为 UTF-8，但您可以使用 mailer = Mailer(smtp_srever='...',encoding='latin1') 将编码更改为您需要的任何编码

Answer 6

我使用标准包做到了这一点：ssl、smtplib 和 email。

import configparser
import smtplib
import ssl
from email.message import EmailMessage

# define bcc:[str], cc: [str], from_email: str, to_email: str, subject: str, html_body: str, str_body: str
... 

# save your login and server information in a settings.ini file
cfg.read(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)), "settings.ini"))

msg = EmailMessage()
msg['Bcc'] = ", ".join(bcc)
msg['Cc'] = ", ".join(cc)
msg['From'] = from_email
msg['To'] = to_email
msg['Subject'] = subject

msg.set_content(str_body)
msg.add_alternative(html_body, subtype="html")

# add SSL (layer of security)
context = ssl.create_default_context()

# log in and send the email
with smtplib.SMTP_SSL(cfg.get("mail", "server"), cfg.getint("mail", "port"), context=context) as smtp:
    smtp.login(cfg.get("mail", "username"), cfg.get("mail", "password"))
    smtp.send_message(msg=msg)