在 Java 中将 Int 转换为枚举
考虑到以下枚举,在 Java 中将 Int 转换为枚举的正确方法是什么?
public enum MyEnum
{
EnumValue1,
EnumValue2
}
MyEnum enumValue = (MyEnum) x; //Doesn't work???
What is the correct way to cast an Int to an enum in Java given the following enum?
public enum MyEnum
{
EnumValue1,
EnumValue2
}
MyEnum enumValue = (MyEnum) x; //Doesn't work???
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尝试
MyEnum.values()[x]
,其中x
必须是0
或1
,即有效序数那个枚举。请注意,在 Java 中,枚举实际上是类(因此枚举值也是对象),因此您不能将
int
甚至Integer
转换为枚举。Try
MyEnum.values()[x]
wherex
must be0
or1
, i.e. a valid ordinal for that enum.Note that in Java enums actually are classes (and enum values thus are objects) and thus you can't cast an
int
or evenInteger
to an enum.MyEnum.values()[x]
是一项昂贵的操作。如果性能是一个问题,您可能需要执行以下操作:MyEnum.values()[x]
is an expensive operation. If the performance is a concern, you may want to do something like this:如果您想给出整数值,可以使用如下结构
If you want to give your integer values, you can use a structure like below
你可以这样尝试。
使用元素 id 创建类。
现在使用 id 作为 int 来获取此枚举。
You can try like this.
Create Class with element id.
Now Fetch this Enum using id as int.
我缓存这些值并创建一个简单的静态访问方法:
I cache the values and create a simple static access method:
Java 枚举不具有与 C++ 中相同类型的枚举到 int 映射。
也就是说,所有枚举都有一个
values
方法,该方法返回可能的枚举值的数组,因此应该可以工作。这有点令人讨厌,如果可能的话,最好不要尝试从
int
转换为Enum
(反之亦然)。Java enums don't have the same kind of enum-to-int mapping that they do in C++.
That said, all enums have a
values
method that returns an array of possible enum values, soshould work. It's a little nasty and it might be better to not try and convert from
int
s toEnum
s (or vice versa) if possible.这不是通常做的事情,所以我会重新考虑。不过话虽如此,基本操作是:int --> int --> int --> int --> int使用
EnumType.values()[intNum]
进行枚举,以及枚举 --> int 使用enumInst.ordinal()
。但是,由于
values()
的任何实现都别无选择,只能为您提供数组的副本(Java 数组永远不是只读的),因此使用EnumMap< 会更好。 /code> 缓存枚举 --> int 映射。
This not something that is usually done, so I would reconsider. But having said that, the fundamental operations are: int --> enum using
EnumType.values()[intNum]
, and enum --> int usingenumInst.ordinal()
.However, since any implementation of
values()
has no choice but to give you a copy of the array (java arrays are never read-only), you would be better served using anEnumMap
to cache the enum --> int mapping.使用 MyEnum enumValue = MyEnum.values()[x];
Use
MyEnum enumValue = MyEnum.values()[x];
这是我计划采用的解决方案。这不仅适用于非连续整数,而且还适用于您可能想要用作枚举值的基础 id 的任何其他数据类型。
我只需要在特定时间(从文件加载数据时)将 id 转换为枚举,因此我没有理由始终将 Map 保留在内存中。如果您确实需要随时访问该映射,则始终可以将其缓存为 Enum 类的静态成员。
Here's the solution I plan to go with. Not only does this work with non-sequential integers, but it should work with any other data type you may want to use as the underlying id for your enum values.
I only need to convert id's to enums at specific times (when loading data from a file), so there's no reason for me to keep the Map in memory at all times. If you do need the map to be accessible at all times, you can always cache it as a static member of your Enum class.
如果它对其他人有帮助,我更喜欢的选项(此处未列出)使用 Guava 的地图功能:
默认情况下您可以使用
null
,您可以抛出 IllegalArgumentException
,或者您的fromInt
可以返回一个Optional
,无论您喜欢什么行为。In case it helps others, the option I prefer, which is not listed here, uses Guava's Maps functionality:
With the default you can use
null
, you canthrow IllegalArgumentException
or yourfromInt
could return anOptional
, whatever behavior you prefer.根据 @ChadBefus 的回答和 @shmosel 评论,我建议使用这个。 (高效查找,并且适用于纯java >= 8)
Based on @ChadBefus 's answer and @shmosel comment, I'd recommend using this. (Efficient lookup, and works on pure java >= 8)
您可以迭代枚举的
values()
并将枚举的整数值与给定的id
进行比较,如下所示:并像这样使用:
TestEnum x = TestEnum.getEnum(4);//会返回TestEnum.Value4
我希望这有帮助;)
You can iterate over
values()
of enum and compare integer value of enum with givenid
like below:And use just like this:
TestEnum x = TestEnum.getEnum(4);//Will return TestEnum.Value4
I hope this helps ;)
写了这个实现。它允许缺失值、负值并保持代码一致。地图也会被缓存。使用接口并需要 Java 8。
Enum
接口
Wrote this implementation. It allows for missing values, negative values and keeps code consistent. The map is cached as well. Uses an interface and needs Java 8.
Enum
Interface
在 Kotlin 中:
用法:
In Kotlin:
Usage:
一个好的选择是避免从
int
到enum
的转换:例如,如果您需要最大值,您可以比较 x.ordinal( ) 到 y.ordinal() 并相应地返回 x 或 y。 (您可能需要对值重新排序才能使此类比较有意义。)如果不可能,我会将
MyEnum.values()
存储到静态数组中。A good option is to avoid conversion from
int
toenum
: for example, if you need the maximal value, you may compare x.ordinal() to y.ordinal() and return x or y correspondingly. (You may need to re-order you values to make such comparison meaningful.)If that is not possible, I would store
MyEnum.values()
into a static array.这与医生的答案相同,但它展示了如何消除可变数组的问题。如果您使用这种方法,因为首先进行分支预测,效果将非常小甚至为零,并且整个代码仅调用可变数组values()函数一次。由于这两个变量都是静态的,因此每次使用该枚举时它们也不会消耗 n * 内存。
This is the same answer as the doctors but it shows how to eliminate the problem with mutable arrays. If you use this kind of approach because of branch prediction first if will have very little to zero effect and whole code only calls mutable array values() function only once. As both variables are static they will not consume n * memory for every usage of this enumeration too.