为什么需要 WEXITSTATUS？
以下代码将等待子进程完成，然后打印其返回代码。
int status;
wait(&status);
cout << "return code = " << WEXITSTATUS(status) << endl;
为什么返回码不能直接存储在 int 变量中？为什么要用函数WEXITSTATUS来转换呢？未转换的int变量的值代表什么？
The following code will wait for a child process to finish and then print its return code.
int status;
wait(&status);
cout << "return code = " << WEXITSTATUS(status) << endl;
Why can't the return code just be stored in the int variable? Why does it have to be converted with the function WEXITSTATUS? What does the value of the unconverted int variable represent?
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int不仅仅保存退出代码 - 它还存储有关进程如何终止的信息，例如是否发出信号 (WIFSIGNALED) 或如果exit( )被称为 (WIFEXITED)，等等。W宏用于从int中提取各种信息。The
intholds more than just the exit code - it also stores information about how the process terminated, for example if it was signalled (WIFSIGNALED) or ifexit()was called (WIFEXITED), etc.The
Wmacros are used to extract the various pieces of information from theint.status不仅包含进程的返回值，还包含 为什么wait(2,3p)调用返回（这可能并不总是进程正常退出）。各种W*()宏用于将返回值分解为其组成部分。statuscontains not only the return value of the process, but also why thewait(2,3p)call returned (which may not always be normal exiting of the process). The variousW*()macros are used to break up the returned value into its constituent pieces.