对广播接收器进行单元测试？

Question

这是我项目中的 BroadcastReceiver，我正在对其进行单元测试。当用户拨打电话时，它会获取电话号码，并设置启动新活动的意图，并传入电话号码。

public class OutgoingCallReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver 
{
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context xiContext, Intent xiIntent) 
    {
        if (xiIntent.getAction().equalsIgnoreCase(Intent.ACTION_NEW_OUTGOING_CALL))
        {
            String phoneNum = xiIntent.getStringExtra(Intent.EXTRA_PHONE_NUMBER);

            Intent intent = new Intent(xiContext, MyActivity.class);
            intent.putExtra("phoneNum", phoneNum);
            intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);

            xiContext.startActivity(intent);
            setResultData(null);
        }
    }
}

到目前为止，我的单元测试如下所示：

public class OutgoingCallReceiverTest extends AndroidTestCase
{
    private OutgoingCallReceiver mReceiver;

    @Override
    protected void setUp() throws Exception
    {
        super.setUp();

        mReceiver = new OutgoingCallReceiver();
    }

    public void testStartActivity()
    {
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_NEW_OUTGOING_CALL);
        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_PHONE_NUMBER, "01234567890");

        mReceiver.onReceive(getContext(), intent);        
    }
}

这贯穿了代码，但我希望我的测试能够检查意图是否已发出，并检查其上的电话号码。我该怎么做？

我还可以测试电话呼叫是否被取消（因为 setResultData(null) 行）？

Answer 1

corlettk 向我指出 Android 中的 MockContext 对象，它可以解决这个问题。我创建了它的一个子类 TestContext，它看起来像这样：

public class TestContext extends MockContext
{
    private List<Intent> mReceivedIntents = new ArrayList<Intent>();

    @Override
    public String getPackageName()
    {
        return "com.mypackage.test";
    }

    @Override
    public void startActivity(Intent xiIntent)
    {
        mReceivedIntents.add(xiIntent);
    }

    public List<Intent> getReceivedIntents()
    {
        return mReceivedIntents;
    }
}

我的测试用例现在看起来像这样：

public class OutgoingCallReceiverTest extends AndroidTestCase
{
    private OutgoingCallReceiver mReceiver;
    private TestContext mContext;

    @Override
    protected void setUp() throws Exception
    {
        super.setUp();

        mReceiver = new OutgoingCallReceiver();
        mContext = new TestContext();
    }

    public void testStartActivity()
    {
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_NEW_OUTGOING_CALL);
        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_PHONE_NUMBER, "01234567890");

        mReceiver.onReceive(mContext, intent);        
        assertEquals(1, mContext.getReceivedIntents().size());
        assertNull(mReceiver.getResultData());

        Intent receivedIntent = mContext.getReceivedIntents().get(0);
        assertNull(receivedIntent.getAction());
        assertEquals("01234567890", receivedIntent.getStringExtra("phoneNum"));
        assertTrue((receivedIntent.getFlags() & Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0);
    }
}

Answer 2

马特，

听起来你需要模拟一个上下文......然后将你的方法交换到接受接口而不是具体类：public void onReceive(IContext c, IIntent i)，只是为了测试的目的。但是 Context 和 Intent 类不是你的，是吗……它们是 Android 的……所以你不能“仅仅”让它们实现你的接口，所以你必须“包装”它们才能暴露你的接口，这是相当多的代码，但没有多大收获。非常恶心！！！

所以我开始想知道以前是否有人经历过这一切，并为我们完成了硬码......以及 tada： http://developer.android.com/reference/android/test/mock/package-summary.html

干杯。基思.

Answer 3

自从提出这个问题以来，模拟框架已经发展了很多。使用mockito，您现在不仅可以模拟接口，还可以模拟类。所以我建议通过模拟上下文并使用 ArgumentCapture 来解决这个问题：

import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;

public class OutgoingCallReceiverTest extends AndroidTestCase {
    private OutgoingCallReceiver mReceiver;
    private Context mContext;

    @Override
    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
        super.setUp();
        //To make mockito work
        System.setProperty("dexmaker.dexcache", 
                mContext.getCacheDir().toString());

        mReceiver = new OutgoingCallReceiver();
        mContext = mock(Context.class);
    }

    public void testStartActivity() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_NEW_OUTGOING_CALL);
        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_PHONE_NUMBER, "01234567890");

        mReceiver.onReceive(mContext, intent);
        assertNull(mReceiver.getResultData());

        ArgumentCaptor<Intent> argument = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Intent.class);
        verify(mContext, times(1)).startActivity(argument.capture());

        Intent receivedIntent = argument.getValue();         
        assertNull(receivedIntent.getAction());
        assertEquals("01234567890", receivedIntent.getStringExtra("phoneNum"));
        assertTrue((receivedIntent.getFlags() & Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0);
    }
}