测试“无限循环”时的最佳实践是什么?
我的基本逻辑是在某个地方运行一个无限循环并尽可能地对其进行测试。无限循环的原因并不重要(游戏的主循环,类似守护进程的逻辑......),我更多地询问有关这种情况的最佳实践。
让我们以这段代码为例:
module Blah
extend self
def run
some_initializer_method
loop do
some_other_method
yet_another_method
end
end
end
我想使用 Rspec 测试方法 Blah.run
(我也使用 RR,但简单的 rspec 将是一个可以接受的答案)。
我认为最好的方法是进一步分解,比如将循环分成另一个方法或其他东西:
module Blah
extend self
def run
some_initializer_method
do_some_looping
end
def do_some_looping
loop do
some_other_method
yet_another_method
end
end
end
...这允许我们测试 run
并模拟循环...但是有时需要测试循环内的代码。
那么在这种情况下你会怎么做呢?
只是不测试这个逻辑,这意味着测试 some_other_method
& yet_another_method
但不是 do_some_looping
?
循环是否会通过模拟在某个时刻中断?
……还有别的事吗?
My basic logic is to have an infinite loop running somewhere and test it as best as possible. The reason for having an infinite loop is not important (main loop for games, daemon-like logic...) and I'm more asking about best practices regarding a situation like that.
Let's take this code for example:
module Blah
extend self
def run
some_initializer_method
loop do
some_other_method
yet_another_method
end
end
end
I want to test the method Blah.run
using Rspec (also I use RR, but plain rspec would be an acceptable answer).
I figure the best way to do it would be to decompose a bit more, like separating the loop into another method or something:
module Blah
extend self
def run
some_initializer_method
do_some_looping
end
def do_some_looping
loop do
some_other_method
yet_another_method
end
end
end
... this allows us to test run
and mock the loop... but at some point the code inside the loop needs to be tested.
So what would you do in such a situation?
Simply not testing this logic, meaning test some_other_method
& yet_another_method
but not do_some_looping
?
Have the loop break at some point via a mock?
... something else?
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更实际的可能是在单独的线程中执行循环,断言一切正常,然后在不再需要该线程时终止该线程。
What might be more practical is to execute the loop in a separate thread, assert that everything is working correctly, and then terminate the thread when it is no longer required.
在 rspec 3.3 中,将此行添加
到您的 before 钩子中将简单地屈服于块而无需任何循环
in rspec 3.3, add this line
to your before hook will simple yield to the block without any looping
将循环体放在单独的方法中怎么样,例如calculateOneWorldIteration?这样您就可以根据需要在测试中旋转循环。而且它不会损害 API,这是公共接口中非常自然的方法。
How about having the body of the loop in a separate method, like
calculateOneWorldIteration
? That way you can spin the loop in the test as needed. And it doesn’t hurt the API, it’s quite a natural method to have in the public interface.你无法测试永远运行的东西。
当遇到难以(或不可能)测试的代码部分时,您应该: -
如果游戏中的主循环只循环一次,当你运行它时,这一点会立即显而易见。
You can not test that something that runs forever.
When faced with a section of code that is difficult (or impossible) to test you should:-
If the main loop in your game only goes around once, this will be immediately obvious when you run it.
模拟循环以便仅执行您指定的次数怎么样?
当然,您只能在规格中嘲笑这一点。
What about mocking the loop so that it gets executed only the number of times you specify ?
Of course, you mock this only in your specs.
我知道这有点老了,但您也可以使用 Yields 方法来伪造一个块并将单个迭代传递给循环方法。这应该允许您测试在循环中调用的方法,而无需实际将其放入无限循环中。
I know this is a little old, but you can also use the yields method to fake a block and pass a single iteration to a loop method. This should allow you to test the methods you're calling within your loop without actually putting it into an infinite loop.
我几乎总是使用 catch/throw 结构来测试无限循环。
引发错误也可能有效,但这并不理想,特别是如果您的循环块挽救了所有错误(包括异常)。如果您的块不能救援 Exception(或其他一些错误类),那么您可以对 Exception(或其他非救援类)进行子类化并救援您的子类:
异常示例
设置
测试
Catch/抛出示例:
当我第一次尝试这个时,我担心在
:some_other_method
上第二次使用should_receive
会“覆盖”第一个,但这是不是 案件。如果您想亲自查看,请向should_receive
添加块,看看它是否被调用了预期的次数:I almost always use a catch/throw construct to test infinite loops.
Raising an error may also work, but that's not ideal especially if your loop's block rescue all errors, including Exceptions. If your block doesn't rescue Exception (or some other error class), then you can subclass Exception (or another non-rescued class) and rescue your subclass:
Exception example
Setup
Test
Catch/throw example:
When I first tried this, I was concerned that using
should_receive
a second time on:some_other_method
would "overwrite" the first one, but this is not the case. If you want to see for yourself, add blocks toshould_receive
to see if it's called the expected number of times:我们测试仅在有信号时退出的循环的解决方案是对退出条件方法进行存根,使其第一次返回 false,第二次返回 true,确保循环只执行一次。
具有无限循环的类:
规范测试循环的行为:
Our solution to testing a loop that only exits on signals was to stub the exit condition method to return false the first time but true the second time, ensuring the loop is only executed once.
Class with infinite loop:
spec testing the behaviour of the loop:
:) 几个月前我有此查询。
简而言之,没有简单的方法来测试这一点。您测试驱动循环的内部结构。然后你将它放入一个循环方法中&手动测试循环是否正常工作,直到发生终止条件。
:) I had this query a few months ago.
The short answer is there is no easy way to test that. You test drive the internals of the loop. Then you plonk it into a loop method & do a manual test that the loop works till the terminating condition occurs.
我发现的最简单的解决方案是产生一次循环然后返回。我这里用的是摩卡。
我们期望循环实际执行,并确保它在一次迭代后退出。
尽管如此,如上所述,保持循环方法尽可能小和愚蠢是一个很好的做法。
希望这有帮助!
The easiest solution I found is to yield the loop one time and than return. I've used mocha here.
We're expecting that the loop is actually executed and it's ensured it will exit after one iteration.
Nevertheless as stated above it's good practice to keep the looping method as small and stupid as possible.
Hope this helps!