选择 ColA=ColB 的行，并添加一个新列，告知 ColA 中的原始数据是否重复

发布于 2024-11-02 08:28:04 字数 886 浏览 6 评论 0原文

我试图弄清楚如何查询一个表（该表实际上是一个结果集，因此它将是一个子查询），按 ColA=ColB 对其进行分组（见下文），并创建一个计算的一步完成所有字段。

因此，如果我的测试数据看起来像

ColA    ColB    ColC

1       1       aaa 
1       2       bbbb    
1       3       cccc    
2       2       dddd    
3       3       eeee    
3       4       ffff    
3       5       gggg    
3       6       hhhh    
4       4       iiii    
5       5       jjjj    
6       6       kkkk    
6       7       llll    
6       8       mmmm

我只想检索 ColA=ColB 的行，并添加一个新列来告诉我 ColA 中的原始数据是否重复。见下文。

ColA   ColB    ColC    multiples

1      1       aaaa    yes
2       2       dddd    no
3       3       eeee    yes
4       4       iiii    no
5       5       jjjj    no
6       6       kkkk    yes

有人可以帮我解决语法问题吗？我一直在使用 Group By 和 SubSelects 但无济于事。我是否需要对倍数字段使用 case 语句？

原文

I am trying to figure out how to query a table (the table is actually a result set, so it will be a subquery), group it by ColA=ColB (see below), and create a calculated field all in one step.

So, if my test data looks like

ColA    ColB    ColC

1       1       aaa 
1       2       bbbb    
1       3       cccc    
2       2       dddd    
3       3       eeee    
3       4       ffff    
3       5       gggg    
3       6       hhhh    
4       4       iiii    
5       5       jjjj    
6       6       kkkk    
6       7       llll    
6       8       mmmm

I would like to retrieve only rows where ColA=ColB and also add a new column that tells me whether the original data in ColA was repeated. See below.

ColA   ColB    ColC    multiples

1      1       aaaa    yes
2       2       dddd    no
3       3       eeee    yes
4       4       iiii    no
5       5       jjjj    no
6       6       kkkk    yes

Can someone help me out with the syntax? I have been playing with Group By's and SubSelects to no avail. Do I need to use a case statement to for the multiples field?

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对你而言 2024-11-09 08:28:04

发布 create table 和 insert 语句而不是 Desc table 和 select * from table_name 更有帮助； http://tkyte.blogspot.com/2005/06/ how-to-ask-questions.html

create table test_repeat(
   cola number,
   colb number,
   colc varchar2(20)
   );
     
insert into test_repeat values (1,1,'aaa'); 
insert into test_repeat values (1,2,'bbbb');    
insert into test_repeat values (1,3,'cccc');    
insert into test_repeat values (2,2,'dddd');    
insert into test_repeat values (3,3,'eeee'); 
insert into test_repeat values (3,4,'ffff');    
insert into test_repeat values (3,5,'gggg');    
insert into test_repeat values (3,6,'hhhh');    
insert into test_repeat values (4,4,'iiii');    
insert into test_repeat values (5,5,'jjjj');    
insert into test_repeat values (6,6,'kkkk');    
insert into test_repeat values (6,7,'llll');    
insert into test_repeat values (6,8,'mmmm');
commit;

您可以使用Oracle分析函数导致查看结果集以查看下一行的 colA 是否相同（在排序后..），例如..
从中选择*
（选择 colA、colb、
（当 colA = (lead(cola) 超过
（按 colA 分区，按 cola、colb 排序））
然后“是”
否则'不'
结束）倍数，
科尔克
来自测试重复）
其中 colA = colb
/
<前><代码> COLA COLB MUL COLC
<小时>
<前><代码> 1 1 是 aaa
2 2 无 dddd
3 3 是的 eeee
4 4 否 iii
5 5 没有 jjjj
6 6 是 kkkk
或者您可以获取 COLA 每个值的计数并比较它以查看是否有重复...
选择a.colA、a.colb、a.colc、
（当 (select count(*) from test_repeat t where t.cola = a.colA) > 1 时的情况
然后“是”
否则'不'
结束）重复
从 test_repeat 开始
其中 colA = colB
/
<前><代码> COLA COLB COLC REP
<小时>
<前><代码> 1 1 aaa 是
2 2 dddd 否
3 3 eeee 是
4 4 iiii 否
5 5 jjjj 否
6 6 kkkk 有

它们都同样简单，但是我建议使用分析函数方法，因为我发现它对于我过去使用过的所有查询通常都更快。

It's more helpful to post create table and insert statements instead of Desc table and select * from table_name; http://tkyte.blogspot.com/2005/06/how-to-ask-questions.html

create table test_repeat(
   cola number,
   colb number,
   colc varchar2(20)
   );
     
insert into test_repeat values (1,1,'aaa'); 
insert into test_repeat values (1,2,'bbbb');    
insert into test_repeat values (1,3,'cccc');    
insert into test_repeat values (2,2,'dddd');    
insert into test_repeat values (3,3,'eeee'); 
insert into test_repeat values (3,4,'ffff');    
insert into test_repeat values (3,5,'gggg');    
insert into test_repeat values (3,6,'hhhh');    
insert into test_repeat values (4,4,'iiii');    
insert into test_repeat values (5,5,'jjjj');    
insert into test_repeat values (6,6,'kkkk');    
insert into test_repeat values (6,7,'llll');    
insert into test_repeat values (6,8,'mmmm');
commit;

You can use the Oracle analytic function Lead to look through your result set to see if colA is the same for the next row (after ordering it..) like..
select * from
(select colA, colb,
(case when colA = (lead(cola) over
(partition by colA order by cola, colb))
then 'Yes'
else 'No'
end) multiples,
colc
from test_repeat)
where colA = colb
/
```
   COLA       COLB MUL COLC
```
```
      1          1 Yes aaa
      2          2 No  dddd
      3          3 Yes eeee
      4          4 No  iiii
      5          5 No  jjjj
      6          6 Yes kkkk
```

Or you can get the count for each value of COLA and compare it to see if there are duplicates...

select a.colA, a.colb, a.colc,
(case when (select count(*) from test_repeat t where t.cola = a.colA) > 1
then 'Yes'
else 'No'
end) Repeat
from test_repeat a
where colA = colB
/

   COLA       COLB COLC                 REP

      1          1 aaa                  Yes
      2          2 dddd                 No
      3          3 eeee                 Yes
      4          4 iiii                 No
      5          5 jjjj                 No
      6          6 kkkk                 Yes

They are both equally simple, but I would suggest the analytic function approach as I have found it to be generally faster for all Queries I have worked with in the past.

回复收藏 0 原文

沧笙踏歌 2024-11-09 08:28:04

SQL> select *
  2    from test_repeat
  3   order by cola
  4  /

      COLA       COLB COLC
---------- ---------- --------------------
         1          2 bbbb
         1          1 aaa
         1          3 cccc
         2          2 dddd
         3          4 ffff
         3          3 eeee
         3          5 gggg
         3          6 hhhh
         4          4 iiii
         5          5 jjjj
         6          6 kkkk
         6          7 llll
         6          8 mmmm
         7          9 nnnn

14 rows selected.

SQL> select cola "ColA"
  2       , max(decode(colb,cola,colb)) "ColB"
  3       , max(decode(colb,cola,colc)) "ColC"
  4       , case count(*) when 1 then 'no' else 'yes' end "multiples"
  5    from test_repeat
  6   group by cola
  7  having cola = max(decode(colb,cola,colb))
  8   order by cola
  9  /

      ColA       ColB ColC                 mul
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---
         1          1 aaa                  yes
         2          2 dddd                 no
         3          3 eeee                 yes
         4          4 iiii                 no
         5          5 jjjj                 no
         6          6 kkkk                 yes

6 rows selected.

在性能方面，此 SQL 大约等于 Rajesh 的第一个查询。所以你可以选择你更舒服的那一个。

SQL> set autotrace on
SQL> select * from
  2  (select colA, colb,
  3         (case when colA = (lead(cola) over
  4                            (partition by colA order by cola, colb))
  5              then 'Yes'
  6              else 'No'
  7         end) multiples,
  8         colc
  9    from test_repeat)
 10    where colA = colb
 11  /

      COLA       COLB MUL COLC
---------- ---------- --- --------------------
         1          1 Yes aaa
         2          2 No  dddd
         3          3 Yes eeee
         4          4 No  iiii
         5          5 No  jjjj
         6          6 Yes kkkk

6 rows selected.


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1491815685

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation           | Name        | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    |             |    14 |   574 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  VIEW               |             |    14 |   574 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|   2 |   WINDOW SORT       |             |    14 |   532 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|   3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL| TEST_REPEAT |    14 |   532 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - filter("COLA"="COLB")

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          4  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
         15  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
        421  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        238  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          1  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          6  rows processed

SQL> /

      COLA       COLB MUL COLC
---------- ---------- --- --------------------
         1          1 Yes aaa
         2          2 No  dddd
         3          3 Yes eeee
         4          4 No  iiii
         5          5 No  jjjj
         6          6 Yes kkkk

6 rows selected.


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1491815685

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation           | Name        | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    |             |    14 |   574 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  VIEW               |             |    14 |   574 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|   2 |   WINDOW SORT       |             |    14 |   532 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|   3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL| TEST_REPEAT |    14 |   532 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - filter("COLA"="COLB")

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
          7  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
        421  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        238  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          1  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          6  rows processed

SQL> select cola "ColA"
  2       , max(decode(colb,cola,colb)) "ColB"
  3       , max(decode(colb,cola,colc)) "ColC"
  4       , case count(*) when 1 then 'no' else 'yes' end "multiples"
  5    from test_repeat
  6   group by cola
  7  having cola = max(decode(colb,cola,colb))
  8   order by cola
  9  /

      ColA       ColB ColC                 mul
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---
         1          1 aaa                  yes
         2          2 dddd                 no
         3          3 eeee                 yes
         4          4 iiii                 no
         5          5 jjjj                 no
         6          6 kkkk                 yes

6 rows selected.


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3021378319

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation           | Name        | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    |             |    14 |   532 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  FILTER             |             |       |       |            |          |
|   2 |   SORT GROUP BY     |             |    14 |   532 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|   3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL| TEST_REPEAT |    14 |   532 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - filter("COLA"=MAX(DECODE("COLB","COLA","COLB")))

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
          7  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
        421  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        238  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          1  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          6  rows processed

SQL> /

      ColA       ColB ColC                 mul
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---
         1          1 aaa                  yes
         2          2 dddd                 no
         3          3 eeee                 yes
         4          4 iiii                 no
         5          5 jjjj                 no
         6          6 kkkk                 yes

6 rows selected.


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3021378319

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation           | Name        | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    |             |    14 |   532 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  FILTER             |             |       |       |            |          |
|   2 |   SORT GROUP BY     |             |    14 |   532 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|   3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL| TEST_REPEAT |    14 |   532 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - filter("COLA"=MAX(DECODE("COLB","COLA","COLB")))

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
          7  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
        420  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        238  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          1  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          6  rows processed

SQL> set autotrace off

SQL> select *
  2    from test_repeat
  3   order by cola
  4  /

      COLA       COLB COLC
---------- ---------- --------------------
         1          2 bbbb
         1          1 aaa
         1          3 cccc
         2          2 dddd
         3          4 ffff
         3          3 eeee
         3          5 gggg
         3          6 hhhh
         4          4 iiii
         5          5 jjjj
         6          6 kkkk
         6          7 llll
         6          8 mmmm
         7          9 nnnn

14 rows selected.

SQL> select cola "ColA"
  2       , max(decode(colb,cola,colb)) "ColB"
  3       , max(decode(colb,cola,colc)) "ColC"
  4       , case count(*) when 1 then 'no' else 'yes' end "multiples"
  5    from test_repeat
  6   group by cola
  7  having cola = max(decode(colb,cola,colb))
  8   order by cola
  9  /

      ColA       ColB ColC                 mul
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---
         1          1 aaa                  yes
         2          2 dddd                 no
         3          3 eeee                 yes
         4          4 iiii                 no
         5          5 jjjj                 no
         6          6 kkkk                 yes

6 rows selected.

Performancewise, this SQL is approximately equal to Rajesh' first query. So you can choose the one you are more comfortable with.

SQL> set autotrace on
SQL> select * from
  2  (select colA, colb,
  3         (case when colA = (lead(cola) over
  4                            (partition by colA order by cola, colb))
  5              then 'Yes'
  6              else 'No'
  7         end) multiples,
  8         colc
  9    from test_repeat)
 10    where colA = colb
 11  /

      COLA       COLB MUL COLC
---------- ---------- --- --------------------
         1          1 Yes aaa
         2          2 No  dddd
         3          3 Yes eeee
         4          4 No  iiii
         5          5 No  jjjj
         6          6 Yes kkkk

6 rows selected.


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1491815685

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation           | Name        | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    |             |    14 |   574 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  VIEW               |             |    14 |   574 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|   2 |   WINDOW SORT       |             |    14 |   532 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|   3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL| TEST_REPEAT |    14 |   532 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - filter("COLA"="COLB")

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          4  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
         15  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
        421  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        238  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          1  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          6  rows processed

SQL> /

      COLA       COLB MUL COLC
---------- ---------- --- --------------------
         1          1 Yes aaa
         2          2 No  dddd
         3          3 Yes eeee
         4          4 No  iiii
         5          5 No  jjjj
         6          6 Yes kkkk

6 rows selected.


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1491815685

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation           | Name        | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    |             |    14 |   574 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  VIEW               |             |    14 |   574 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|   2 |   WINDOW SORT       |             |    14 |   532 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|   3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL| TEST_REPEAT |    14 |   532 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - filter("COLA"="COLB")

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
          7  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
        421  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        238  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          1  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          6  rows processed

SQL> select cola "ColA"
  2       , max(decode(colb,cola,colb)) "ColB"
  3       , max(decode(colb,cola,colc)) "ColC"
  4       , case count(*) when 1 then 'no' else 'yes' end "multiples"
  5    from test_repeat
  6   group by cola
  7  having cola = max(decode(colb,cola,colb))
  8   order by cola
  9  /

      ColA       ColB ColC                 mul
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---
         1          1 aaa                  yes
         2          2 dddd                 no
         3          3 eeee                 yes
         4          4 iiii                 no
         5          5 jjjj                 no
         6          6 kkkk                 yes

6 rows selected.


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3021378319

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation           | Name        | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    |             |    14 |   532 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  FILTER             |             |       |       |            |          |
|   2 |   SORT GROUP BY     |             |    14 |   532 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|   3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL| TEST_REPEAT |    14 |   532 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - filter("COLA"=MAX(DECODE("COLB","COLA","COLB")))

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
          7  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
        421  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        238  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          1  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          6  rows processed

SQL> /

      ColA       ColB ColC                 mul
---------- ---------- -------------------- ---
         1          1 aaa                  yes
         2          2 dddd                 no
         3          3 eeee                 yes
         4          4 iiii                 no
         5          5 jjjj                 no
         6          6 kkkk                 yes

6 rows selected.


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3021378319

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation           | Name        | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    |             |    14 |   532 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  FILTER             |             |       |       |            |          |
|   2 |   SORT GROUP BY     |             |    14 |   532 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|   3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL| TEST_REPEAT |    14 |   532 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - filter("COLA"=MAX(DECODE("COLB","COLA","COLB")))

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
          7  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
        420  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        238  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          1  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          6  rows processed

SQL> set autotrace off

回复收藏 0 原文

很酷不放纵 2024-11-09 08:28:04

我认为您需要对 multiples 列进行子选择。不需要分组。写一些类似：

select ColA, ColB, ColC, 
       (CASE
        WHEN (select b.ColA from thistable b where b.ColA = a.ColA) > 1 THEN 'yes'
        ELSE 'no'
        END)
from thistable a
where ColA = ColB

I think you need a subselect for the multiples column. No grouping is needed. Write something like:

select ColA, ColB, ColC, 
       (CASE
        WHEN (select b.ColA from thistable b where b.ColA = a.ColA) > 1 THEN 'yes'
        ELSE 'no'
        END)
from thistable a
where ColA = ColB

回复收藏 0 原文

极度宠爱 2024-11-09 08:28:04

我不知道引导功能，非常好。 Rob 和 Rajesh，感谢到目前为止的回答，我想我能够使用两个子查询和一个外连接部分地回答我自己的问题。

我猜我的查询不如其他人发布的查询有效，但我想知道人们是否可以对此查询发表评论。它总是有效吗？可以对其进行调整以提高效率吗？ 对于倍数，它仍然需要输入“是”或“否”，现在它会输入倍数计数，或者对于 0，输入 null。

选择 BB.ColA、ColB、ColC、AA.CNT 
从
(选择 ColA，计数(*)作为 CNT FROM TMPY，其中 ColA>>ColB 按 ColA 分组) AA， 
（从 TMPY 中选择 ColA、ColB、ColC，其中 COLA=COLB） BB 
在哪里
AA.COLa(+)=BB.COLB 按 bb.ColA 排序；

I was not aware of the lead function, very nice. Rob and Rajesh, thanks for the answers so far, I think I was able to partly answer my own question using two subqueries and an outer join.

I am guessing my query is not as efficient as the others posted, but I wonder if folks could comment on this query. Will it always work? Can it be tweaked to make it more efficient? It still needs to put in 'yes' or 'no' for multiples, right now it puts the multiple count or a null for 0.

SELECT BB.ColA, ColB, ColC, AA.CNT 
FROM
(SELECT ColA, count(*) as CNT FROM TMPY where ColA<>ColB Group by ColA)  AA, 
(SELECT ColA, ColB, ColC FROM TMPY WHERE COLA=COLB ) BB 
WHERE
AA.COLa(+)=BB.COLB order by bb.ColA;

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