GLSL 入门
在学校学习之后，我一直在使用OpenGL的固定管道进行图形编程，我正在考虑开始学习GLSL。然而，我在 Windows 上使用 Intel GMA X3100 卡，似乎 GLSL 仅支持到版本 1.10。我想问我先开始学习GLSL 1.1是否明智？ （我有一本关于 GLSL 3.3 的书，但我无法运行教程来查看效果，最终只能先了解概念）。
I've been doing graphic programming using the fixed pipeline of OpenGL after learning in school and I'm thinking of starting to learn GLSL. However I'm using Intel GMA X3100 card on Windows and it seems that GLSL is only supported up to version 1.10. I would like to ask if it is wise for me to start learning GLSL 1.1 first? (I have a book about GLSL 3.3 but I can't run the tutorials to see the effects, ending up of getting the concept first).
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GMA X3100应该支持 OpenGL 2.1，这意味着它支持 GLSL 1.20。另外，您还可以检查您的书使用了 GLSL 3.30 的哪些部分。 GLSL 规范在线位于 http://www.opengl.org/documentation/specs/ -- 那么你可以尝试省略 3.30 特定的内容。 GLSL 的较新版本只是省略了一些内容（例如 1.30 及更高版本中的 ftransform），并引入了一些新的扩展（几何着色器等）。所以也许你仍然可以从一些简单的例子开始。
将来，人们还可以通过软件模拟来使用 Mesa (http://mesa3d.org)，但作为他们的 status 报告，GLSL 1.30 及更高版本的工作尚未开始。
除此之外，您还需要购买新的 GPU/笔记本电脑。最好配备 NVIDIA 或 AMD GPU，支持 OpenGL 3 和 4。
The GMA X3100 should support OpenGL 2.1, which would mean it supports GLSL 1.20. Also, you could check which parts of GLSL 3.30 your book uses. The GLSL specifications are online over at http://www.opengl.org/documentation/specs/ -- then you can try to leave out the stuff that are 3.30 specific. The newer versions of GLSL just leave out some stuff (e.g. ftransform in 1.30 and higher) as well as introducing some new extensions (geometry shaders etc). So maybe you can still start with some simple examples.
In the future, one might also use Mesa (http://mesa3d.org) using software emulation, but as their status reports, work on GLSL 1.30 and higher has not been started yet.
Other than that, you need to get a new GPU / laptop. Preferably with an NVIDIA or AMD GPU, supporting OpenGL 3 and 4.
如果您想开发着色器，您非常需要一个可以渲染您编写的着色器的实现。如果您确实资金不足，您可以考虑使用Mesa3D之类的软件模拟，但是如果可能的话，您确实想要一个硬件。考虑到当前的市场，这几乎意味着拥有一个相当当前的 nVidia 或 ATI/AMD 图形处理器。是的，如果您要在市场上发布某些产品，您可能也想使用英特尔进行测试，但老实说，您将能够使用大多数进行测试Intel GPU 上的着色器代码验证正常失败。
If you want to develop a shader, you pretty much need an implementation that can render the shaders you write. If you're really short of funds, you could consider using a software emulation like Mesa3D, but if at all possible, you really want one in hardware. Given the current market, that pretty much means having a reasonably current nVidia or ATI/AMD graphics processor. Yes, if you're going to release something on the market, you probably want to do testing with an Intel as well, but in all honesty about all you're going to be able to do with most shader code on an Intel GPU is verify graceful failure.
建议：尝试在 http://shadertoy.com 上训练？
它是 GLSL ES，但对于第一步来说，它很有趣，您可以交互式地更新您的着色器，向其他用户学习......
+ 你现在就会看到你的机器是否支持这个基本的 GLSL ;-)
suggestion: try to train on http://shadertoy.com ?
It's GLSL ES, but for first steps it's interesting, you can interactively update your shader, learn from the one of other users...
+ You will see right now whether your machine support this basic GLSL or not ;-)