如何在 C++ 中将 (char *) 从 ISO-8859-1 转换为 UTF-8多平台?

发布于 2024-10-30 18:30:09 字数 281 浏览 2 评论 0原文

我正在更改 C++ 中的软件,该软件处理 ISO Latin 1 格式的文本,以将数据存储在 SQLite 的数据库中。
问题是 SQLite 以 UTF-8 工作...而使用相同数据库的 Java 模块以 UTF-8 工作。

我希望有一种方法可以在存储到数据库之前将 ISO Latin 1 字符转换为 UTF-8 字符。我需要它在 Windows 和 Mac 上工作。

我听说ICU会这么做,但我觉得这太臃肿了。我只需要一个简单的转换系统(最好是来回)来转换这两个字符集。

我该怎么做呢?

I'm changing a software in C++, wich process texts in ISO Latin 1 format, to store data in a database in SQLite.
The problem is that SQLite works in UTF-8... and the Java modules that use same database work in UTF-8.

I wanted to have a way to convert the ISO Latin 1 characters to UTF-8 characters before storing in the database. I need it to work in Windows and Mac.

I heard ICU would do that, but I think it's too bloated. I just need a simple convertion system(preferably back and forth) for these 2 charsets.

How would I do that?

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评论(4

潜移默化 2024-11-06 18:30:09

ISO-8859-1 被纳入 ISO/IEC 10646 和 Unicode 的前 256 个代码点。所以转换非常简单。

对于每个字符:

uint8_t ch = code_point; /* assume that code points above 0xff are impossible since latin-1 is 8-bit */

if(ch < 0x80) {
    append(ch);
} else {
    append(0xc0 | (ch & 0xc0) >> 6); /* first byte, simplified since our range is only 8-bits */
    append(0x80 | (ch & 0x3f));
}

请参阅 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8 #Description 了解更多详细信息。

编辑:根据ninjalj的评论,latin-1将直接翻译为前256个unicode代码点,所以上面的算法应该可以工作。

ISO-8859-1 was incorporated as the first 256 code points of ISO/IEC 10646 and Unicode. So the conversion is pretty simple.

for each char:

uint8_t ch = code_point; /* assume that code points above 0xff are impossible since latin-1 is 8-bit */

if(ch < 0x80) {
    append(ch);
} else {
    append(0xc0 | (ch & 0xc0) >> 6); /* first byte, simplified since our range is only 8-bits */
    append(0x80 | (ch & 0x3f));
}

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8#Description for more details.

EDIT: according to a comment by ninjalj, latin-1 translates direclty to the first 256 unicode code points, so the above algorithm should work.

就此别过 2024-11-06 18:30:09

对于 c++ 我用这个:

std::string iso_8859_1_to_utf8(std::string &str)
{
    string strOut;
    for (std::string::iterator it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); ++it)
    {
        uint8_t ch = *it;
        if (ch < 0x80) {
            strOut.push_back(ch);
        }
        else {
            strOut.push_back(0xc0 | ch >> 6);
            strOut.push_back(0x80 | (ch & 0x3f));
        }
    }
    return strOut;
}

TO c++ i use this:

std::string iso_8859_1_to_utf8(std::string &str)
{
    string strOut;
    for (std::string::iterator it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); ++it)
    {
        uint8_t ch = *it;
        if (ch < 0x80) {
            strOut.push_back(ch);
        }
        else {
            strOut.push_back(0xc0 | ch >> 6);
            strOut.push_back(0x80 | (ch & 0x3f));
        }
    }
    return strOut;
}
猫瑾少女 2024-11-06 18:30:09

如果通用字符集框架(如 iconv)对您来说太臃肿,请自行构建。

编写一个静态翻译表(char 到 UTF-8 序列),将您自己的翻译放在一起。根据您使用的字符串存储方式(字符缓冲区、std::string 或其他什么),它看起来会有所不同,但想法是 - 滚动源字符串,用 UTF-8 替换每个超过 127 的代码对应字符串。由于这可能会增加字符串长度,因此就地执行会相当不方便。为了获得额外的好处,您可以分两遍完成:第一遍确定必要的目标字符串大小,第二遍执行翻译。

If general-purpose charset frameworks (like iconv) are too bloated for you, roll your own.

Compose a static translation table (char to UTF-8 sequence), put together your own translation. Depending on what do you use for string storage (char buffers, or std::string or what) it would look somewhat differently, but the idea is - scroll through the source string, replace each character with code over 127 with its UTF-8 counterpart string. Since this can potentially increase string length, doing it in place would be rather inconvenient. For added benefit, you can do it in two passes: pass one determines the necessary target string size, pass two performs the translation.

余生一个溪 2024-11-06 18:30:09

如果您不介意进行额外的复制,则可以将 ISO Latin 1 字符“扩展”为 16 位字符,从而获得 UTF-16。然后你可以使用类似 UTF8-CPP 将其转换为 UTF-8。

事实上,我认为 UTF8-CPP 甚至可以直接将 ISO Latin 1 转换为 UTF-8(utf16to8 函数),但您可能会收到警告。

当然,它需要是真正的 ISO Latin 1,而不是 Windows CP 1232。

If you don't mind doing an extra copy, you can just "widen" your ISO Latin 1 chars to 16-bit characters and thus get UTF-16. Then you can use something like UTF8-CPP to convert it to UTF-8.

In fact, I think UTF8-CPP could even convert ISO Latin 1 to UTF-8 directly (utf16to8 function) but you may get a warning.

Of course, it needs to be real ISO Latin 1, not Windows CP 1232.

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