使用 WordNet 查找同义词、定义和例句

Question

我需要获取一个包含一个单词的输入文本文件。然后我需要使用 wordnet 找到该词的引理名称、定义和同义词集示例。我已经阅读了这本书：“Python Text Handling with NLTK 2.0 Cookbook”和“Natural Language Processing using NLTK”来帮助我朝这个方向发展。尽管我已经了解如何使用终端来完成此操作，但我无法使用文本编辑器执行相同的操作。

例如，如果输入文本包含“flabbergasted”一词，则输出需要采用以下方式：

flabbergasted （动词）大吃一惊，大吃一惊，大吃一惊——惊讶不已； “这令人难以置信！” （形容词）目瞪口呆，目瞪口呆，目瞪口呆，目瞪口呆，目瞪口呆，惊呆了，目瞪口呆——好像因惊讶和惊讶而哑口无言； “一圈警察站在那里，因为她否认亲眼目睹了这起事故”； “目瞪口呆的市议员哑口无言”； “他晋升的消息令他震惊”

同义词集、定义和例句直接从 WordNet 获取！

我有以下代码：

from __future__ import division
import nltk
from nltk.corpus import wordnet as wn


tokenizer = nltk.data.load('tokenizers/punkt/english.pickle')
fp = open("inpsyn.txt")
data = fp.read()

#to tokenize input text into sentences

print '\n-----\n'.join(tokenizer.tokenize(data))# splits text into sentences

#to tokenize the tokenized sentences into words

tokens = nltk.wordpunct_tokenize(data)
text = nltk.Text(tokens)
words = [w.lower() for w in text]  
print words     #to print the tokens

for a in words:
    print a

syns = wn.synsets(a)
print "synsets:", syns

for s in syns:
    for l in s.lemmas:
        print l.name
    print s.definition
    print s.examples

我得到以下输出：

flabbergasted

['flabbergasted']
flabbergasted
synsets: [Synset('flabbergast.v.01'), Synset('dumbfounded.s.01')]
flabbergast
boggle
bowl_over
overcome with amazement
['This boggles the mind!']
dumbfounded
dumfounded
flabbergasted
stupefied
thunderstruck
dumbstruck
dumbstricken
as if struck dumb with astonishment and surprise
['a circle of policement stood dumbfounded by her denial of having seen the accident', 'the flabbergasted aldermen were speechless', 'was thunderstruck by the news of his promotion']

有没有办法检索词性以及引理名称组？

Answer 1

def synset(word):
    wn.synsets(word)

不返回任何内容，因此默认情况下您会得到 None

您应该编写

def synset(word):
    return wn.synsets(word)

Extracting lemma name：

from nltk.corpus import wordnet
syns = wordnet.synsets('car')
syns[0].lemmas[0].name
>>> 'car'
[s.lemmas[0].name for s in syns]
>>> ['car', 'car', 'car', 'car', 'cable_car']


[l.name for s in syns for l in s.lemmas]
>>>['car', 'auto', 'automobile', 'machine', 'motorcar', 'car', 'railcar', 'railway_car', 'railroad_car', 'car', 'gondola', 'car', 'elevator_car', 'cable_car', 'car']

Answer 2

在这里，我创建了一个可以轻松使用（导入）的模块，并且将字符串传递给它，将返回该字符串的所有引理单词。

模块：

#!/usr/bin/python2.7
''' pass a string to this funciton ( eg 'car') and it will give you a list of
words which is related to cat, called lemma of CAT. '''
from nltk.corpus import wordnet as wn
import sys
#print all the synset element of an element
def lemmalist(str):
    syn_set = []
    for synset in wn.synsets(str):
        for item in synset.lemma_names:
            syn_set.append(item)
    return syn_set

用法：

注意：模块名称是 lemma.py 因此“from lemma import lemmalist”

>>> from lemma import lemmalist
>>> lemmalist('car')
['car', 'auto', 'automobile', 'machine', 'motorcar', 'car', 'railcar', 'railway_car', 'railroad_car', 'car', 'gondola', 'car', 'elevator_car', 'cable_car', 'car']

干杯！

Answer 3

synonyms = []
for syn in wordnet.synsets("car"):
    for l in syn.lemmas():
        synonyms.append(l.name())
print synonyms

Answer 4

在 NLTK 3.0 中，lemma_names 已从属性到方法。因此，如果您收到错误消息：

TypeError: 'method' object is not iterable

您可以使用以下命令修复它：

>>> from nltk.corpus import wordnet as wn
>>> [item for sysnet in wn.synsets('car') for item in sysnet.lemma_names()]

这将输出：

>>> [
       'car', 'auto', 'automobile', 'machine', 'motorcar', 'car', 
       'railcar', 'railway_car', 'railroad_car', 'car', 'gondola', 
       'car', 'elevator_car', 'cable_car', 'car'
    ]