使用 python 和 matplotlib 同时获取数据和更新图形

发布于 2024-10-30 01:16:38 字数 1088 浏览 1 评论 0原文

我正在用 Python 编写代码,通过串行端口与超声波测距仪进行通信,执行以下操作:
-每隔0.1秒,向传感器发送命令进行距离测量,并记录传感器的响应
-显示过去 5 秒所有距离测量值的图

这是我的代码:

import serial
import numpy as np
import time
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

tagnr=2#Tag number of the sensor that we're pinging  
samplingRate=.1#Sampling Rate in seconds  
graphbuf=50.#Buffer length in samples of logger graph  

!#Initialize logger graph  
gdists=np.zeros(graphbuf)  
ax1=plt.axes()  

!#Main loop  
nsr=time.time()#Next sample request  
try:  
    while True:  
        statreq(tagnr)#Send status request to sensor over serial port  
        temp,dist=statread(tagnr)#Read reply from sensor over serial port  
        gdists=np.concatenate((gdists[1:],np.array([dist])))  
        print gdists  
        nsr=nsr+samplingRate  
        while time.time()<nsr:  
            pass  

finally:  
    ser.close()#Close serial port  
    print 'Serial port closed.'  

现在,我的代码可以获取最后 50 个测量值的数组,但我不知道如何同时在图表中显示这些值(我通常使用 Matplotlib 绘制图表)。我应该使用线程吗?或者使用 pyGTK 或 pyQt4 使用动画图?我也在考虑使用pygame?我的计时机制也不是很理想,但我认为它相当准确。

I'm writing a code in Python to communicate to an ultrasonic distance meter over the serial port, to do the following:
-Every 0.1 seconds, send a command to the sensor to make a distance measurement, and register the response of the sensor
-Display a plot of all the distance measurements from the last 5 seconds

Here's my code:

import serial
import numpy as np
import time
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

tagnr=2#Tag number of the sensor that we're pinging  
samplingRate=.1#Sampling Rate in seconds  
graphbuf=50.#Buffer length in samples of logger graph  

!#Initialize logger graph  
gdists=np.zeros(graphbuf)  
ax1=plt.axes()  

!#Main loop  
nsr=time.time()#Next sample request  
try:  
    while True:  
        statreq(tagnr)#Send status request to sensor over serial port  
        temp,dist=statread(tagnr)#Read reply from sensor over serial port  
        gdists=np.concatenate((gdists[1:],np.array([dist])))  
        print gdists  
        nsr=nsr+samplingRate  
        while time.time()<nsr:  
            pass  

finally:  
    ser.close()#Close serial port  
    print 'Serial port closed.'  

Right now, my code can acquire an array of the last 50 measurements, but I don't know how to display these in a graph at the same time (I usually plot my graphs using Matplotlib). Should I use threading? Or use an animated graph using pyGTK or pyQt4? I was also thinking of using pygame? My timing mechanism is not very optimal either but I'm thinking it's pretty accurate.

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评论(1

怀中猫帐中妖 2024-11-06 01:16:39

matplotlib 具有动画图,允许在显示图时更新数据: 看看此页面

您的代码可能如下所示:

import serial
import numpy as np
import time
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

plt.ion() # set plot to animated

tagnr=2#Tag number of the sensor that we're pinging  
samplingRate=.1#Sampling Rate in seconds  
graphbuf=50.#Buffer length in samples of logger graph  

!#Initialize logger graph  
gdists=np.zeros(graphbuf)  
ax1=plt.axes()  

# make plot
line, = plt.plot(gdists)

!#Main loop  
nsr=time.time()#Next sample request  
try:  
    while True:  
        statreq(tagnr)#Send status request to sensor over serial port  
        temp,dist=statread(tagnr)#Read reply from sensor over serial port  
        gdists=np.concatenate((gdists[1:],np.array([dist])))  
        print gdists

        line.set_ydata(gdists)  # update the data
        plt.draw() # update the plot

        nsr=nsr+samplingRate  
        while time.time()<nsr:  
            pass  

finally:  
    ser.close()#Close serial port  
    print 'Serial port closed.'  

只是一些建议(可能不好):我个人会以一种释放一些处理器而不损失准确性的方式使用 time.sleep 。我还会在您的 try/ except 块上放置一些错误类型。我认为 np.roll 比 concatenate 更好/更快。

matplotlib has animated plots that allow the data to be updated while the plot is displayed: take a look at this page.

Your code might look like this:

import serial
import numpy as np
import time
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

plt.ion() # set plot to animated

tagnr=2#Tag number of the sensor that we're pinging  
samplingRate=.1#Sampling Rate in seconds  
graphbuf=50.#Buffer length in samples of logger graph  

!#Initialize logger graph  
gdists=np.zeros(graphbuf)  
ax1=plt.axes()  

# make plot
line, = plt.plot(gdists)

!#Main loop  
nsr=time.time()#Next sample request  
try:  
    while True:  
        statreq(tagnr)#Send status request to sensor over serial port  
        temp,dist=statread(tagnr)#Read reply from sensor over serial port  
        gdists=np.concatenate((gdists[1:],np.array([dist])))  
        print gdists

        line.set_ydata(gdists)  # update the data
        plt.draw() # update the plot

        nsr=nsr+samplingRate  
        while time.time()<nsr:  
            pass  

finally:  
    ser.close()#Close serial port  
    print 'Serial port closed.'  

Just some advice (possibly bad): I would personally use time.sleep in a way that frees up some processor without losing accuracy. I would also put some error type on your try/except block. And I think np.roll is better/faster than concatenate.

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