Haskell 中使用预制数据结构进行记忆化

发布于 2024-10-29 06:02:52 字数 1846 浏览 0 评论 0原文

我找到这个答案此 wiki 页面 是对记忆化的精彩介绍哈斯克尔。然而,它们仍然给我留下了一个我希望得到解答的问题:

在我看来,所使用的技术要求您“开放”(如“访问其内部”)用于存储的数据结构你的记忆。例如, 1 实现表结构并 2第 3 节。是否可以使用预制的数据结构做类似的事情?例如,假设您认为 Data.Map 非常棒,并且希望将您记忆​​的值存储在这样的 Map 中。是否可以使用这样的预制数据结构来实现记忆化,其中实现该结构本身,而是使用预制的数据结构?

希望有人能给我一些如何思考的提示,或者更有可能纠正我对函数式记忆的误解。

编辑:可以想到一种方法来做到这一点,但它一点也不优雅:If f :: a -> b,那么人们可能可以轻松地制作一个记忆版本 f' :: Map ab ->一个-> (Map ab, b),其中第一个参数是记忆存储,输出对包含可能更新的存储和计算值。这种状态传递当然不是我想要的(虽然我猜它可以包裹在一个 monad 中,但它比 12)。

编辑2:尝试表达我目前的(错误)想法也许会有所帮助。目前,我似乎不断地将自己拉入非解决方案,违背自己的意愿。

import qualified Data.Map as Map
memo :: (Ord a) => [a] -> (a -> b) -> (a -> b)
memo domain f = (Map.!) storage
    where
      storage = Map.fromList (zip domain (map f domain))

我越是盯着这个,我就越意识到我误解了一些基本的东西。你看,我觉得我的 memo [True, False] 相当于 1

I find this answer and this wiki page to be excellent introductions to memoization in Haskell. They do, however, still leave me with a question that I hope to get answered:

It seems to me that the technique used requires you to "open up" (as in "access the internals of") the data structure you use to store your memoization. For example, 1 implements a table structure and 2 implements a tree in section 3. Is it possible to do something similar with a pre-made data structure? Suppose, for example, that you think that Data.Map is really awesome, and would like to store your memoized values in such a Map. Can one approach memoization with a pre-made data structure such as this, where one does not implement the structure itself, but rather use a pre-made one?

Hopefully someone will give me a hint on how to think, or, perhaps more likely, correct my misunderstanding of functional memoization in general.

Edit: I can think of one way to do it, but it's not at all elegant: If f :: a -> b, then one can probably easily make a memoized version f' :: Map a b -> a -> (Map a b, b), where the first argument is the memoization storage, and the output pair contains a potentially updated storage and the computed value. This state-passing is certainly not what I want (although I guess it could be wrapped in a monad, but it's several orders of magnitudes uglier than the approach in 1 and 2).

Edit 2: Maybe it helps to try and express my current way of (incorrect) thought. Currently, I seem to repeatedly pull myself, against my will, into the non-solution

import qualified Data.Map as Map
memo :: (Ord a) => [a] -> (a -> b) -> (a -> b)
memo domain f = (Map.!) storage
    where
      storage = Map.fromList (zip domain (map f domain))

The more I stare at this, the more I realize I've misunderstood something basic. You see, it feels to me that my memo [True, False] is equivalent to the bool memoizer of 1.

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笑看君怀她人 2024-11-05 06:02:52

如果您注意到,Data.Memocombinators 实际上依赖于“预制”Data.IntTrie。我确信您可以采用相同的代码并用另一个数据结构替换 IntTrie 的使用,尽管它可能不那么高效。

记忆化的总体思想是保存计算结果。在 Haskell 中,最简单的方法是将函数映射到一个表上,该表的每个参数只有一个维度。由于 Haskell 是惰性的(Haskell 中的大多数数据结构都是惰性的),因此它只会在您明确要求时评估给定单元格的值。 “表”基本上意味着“地图”,因为它将您从键带到值。


[编辑]关于示例 2 的其他想法

如果我没记错的话,那么第一次 (Map.!) storage 被迫评估给定的键,storage结构将被完全扭曲(尽管除了给定的键之外的任何东西都不会发生计算f)。因此第一次查找将导致额外的 O(n) 操作,n 是长度域。据我所知,后续查找不会产生此成本。

惰性结构(例如典型的 int 索引列表或 IntTrie)同样需要在调用查找时显示其结构,但与 Map 不同,它们不需要一次全部显示出来。列表会被耗尽,直到访问索引键为止。 IntTries 仅输出作为所需键的“前缀”(或后缀?不确定。可以以任何一种方式实现)的整数键。索引 11 (1011) 将输出 1 (1)、2 (10)、5 (101 ) 和 11 (1011)。 Data.Memocombinators 只是将所有键转换为 Int(或“位”),以便可以使用 IntTrie

ps 还有比“wring out”更好的短语吗?我想到了“力量”、“脊椎”和“明显”这些词,但我不太想出正确的词/短语。

If you notice, Data.Memocombinators actually relies on the "pre-made" Data.IntTrie. I'm sure you could take the same code and replace uses of the IntTrie with another data structure, though it may not be as efficient.

The general idea of memoization is to save computed results. In Haskell, the easiest way to do this is to map your function onto a table where the table has one dimension per parameter. Since Haskell is lazy (well, most data structures in Haskell are), it will only evaluate the value of a given cell when you specifically ask for it. "table" basically means "map" since it takes you from key(s) to value.


[edit] Additional thoughts regarding Example 2

If I'm not mistaken, then the first time (Map.!) storage is forced to evaluate for a given key, the storage structure will be entirely wrung out (though the computation f won't happen for anything but the given key). So the first lookup will cause an additional O(n) operation, n being length domain. Subsequent lookups would not, afaik, incur this cost.

Lazier structures like typical int-indexed lists or the IntTrie similarly need to manifest their structure when a lookup is invoked, but unlike a Map, they need not do so all at once. Lists are wrung out until the indexed key is accessed. IntTries wring out only the integer keys that are "prefixes" (or suffixes? not sure. could be implemented either way) of the desired key. Index 11, (1011) would wring out 1 (1), 2 (10), 5 (101), and 11 (1011). Data.Memocombinators simply transforms all keys into Ints (or "bits") so that an IntTrie can be used.

p.s. is there a better phrase than "wring out" for this? The words "force", "spine", and "manifest" come to mind, but I can't quite think of the right word/phrase for this.

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