Ninject-ing Global.asax 中的依赖项

Question

我正在使用 MVC3 和 Ninject 启动一个 Web 应用程序。 Global.asax 文件中还需要一个依赖项，该依赖项必须是单例。

我认为它应该是这样的：

public class MvcApplication : NinjectHttpApplication
{
    IUserAuthentication _auth;

    public MvcApplication()
    {
        base.AuthenticateRequest += new EventHandler(MvcApplication_AuthenticateRequest);
    }

    protected override IKernel CreateKernel()
    {
        var _kernel = new StandardKernel(new SecurityModule());
        _auth = _kernel.Get<IUserAuthentication>();

        return _kernel;
    }

    void MvcApplication_AuthenticateRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        _auth.ToString();
    }

但后来我看到调用 MvcApplication_AuthenticateRequest 时 _auth 为 null。

然后我尝试这样：

public class MvcApplication : NinjectHttpApplication
{
    ItUserAuthentication _auth;
    IKernel _kernel;

    public MvcApplication()
    {
        _kernel = new StandardKernel(new SecurityModule());
        _auth = _kernel.Get<IUserAuthentication>();
        base.AuthenticateRequest += new EventHandler(MvcApplication_AuthenticateRequest);
    }

    protected override IKernel CreateKernel()
    {
        return _kernel;
    }

    void MvcApplication_AuthenticateRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        _auth.ToString();
    }

但现在我可以看到构造函数被调用了几次，因此我将有几个 IKernel，并且我想单例实例在我的应用程序范围内不会那么单例。

我该怎么做呢？使用静态变量？

Answer 1

这就是我们的做法，我做了一些测试，我的 AuthService 似乎只进入他的控制器一次：

public class MvcApplication : NinjectHttpApplication
    {

        public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
        {
            routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");

            routes.MapRoute(
                "Default", // Route name
                "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // URL with parameters
                new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } // Parameter defaults
            );

        }

        protected override IKernel CreateKernel()
        {
            var kernel = new StandardKernel();
            kernel.Load(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());

            kernel.Bind<ISession>().To<MongoSession>().InRequestScope();
            kernel.Bind<IAuthenticationService>().To<AuthenticationService>().InSingletonScope();
            kernel.Bind<IMailer>().To<Mailer>().InRequestScope();
            kernel.Bind<IFileProvider>().To<MongoFileProvider>().InRequestScope();

            return kernel;
        }

        protected override void OnApplicationStarted()
        {
            base.OnApplicationStarted();

            AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
            RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
        }

        protected void Application_AuthenticateRequest(Object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (HttpContext.Current.User != null)
            {
                if (HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
                {
                    if (HttpContext.Current.User.Identity is FormsIdentity)
                    {
                        var id = (FormsIdentity) HttpContext.Current.User.Identity;
                        var ticket = id.Ticket;
                        var authToken = ticket.UserData;
                        var authService = (IAuthenticationService)DependencyResolver.Current.GetService(typeof(IAuthenticationService));
                        var user = authService.GetUserForAuthToken(authToken);
                        if (user != null)
                        {
                            user.SetIdentity(HttpContext.Current.User.Identity);
                            HttpContext.Current.User = (IPrincipal) user;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
}

希望它有帮助！

Answer 2

MVC 扩展默认注入 HttpApplication。但只能使用属性注入！因此只需添加一个用 Inject 属性修饰的属性即可。

Answer 3

当您初始化 IOC 时，在 ASP.NET MVC 中，如果您设置依赖解析器，例如使用 Simple Injector：

DependencyResolver.SetResolver(new SimpleInjectorDependencyResolver(container));

那么在 global.asax 中，您可以只使用 DependencyResolver 来获取服务，例如

var penTestService = DependencyResolver.Current.GetService<IPenTestService>();

Answer 4

将代码从构造函数移至 Application_Start 方法。我相信即使创建了多个 HttpApplication 实例，Application_Start 也只会被调用一次，而且也只会在第一个实例上调用。让我知道它是否解决了您的问题。

这些是您在 Global.asax.cs 中可能拥有的各种事件处理程序：

public class Global : System.Web.HttpApplication
{
    public Global()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }   

    protected void Application_Start(Object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

    }

    protected void Session_Start(Object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

    }

    protected void Application_BeginRequest(Object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

    }

    protected void Application_EndRequest(Object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

    }

    protected void Application_AuthenticateRequest(Object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

    }

    protected void Application_Error(Object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

    }

    protected void Session_End(Object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

    }

    protected void Application_End(Object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

    }

    #region Web Form Designer generated code
    /// <summary>
    /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
    /// the contents of this method with the code editor.
    /// </summary>
    private void InitializeComponent()
    {    
    }
    #endregion
}

Answer 5

您可以使用 HttpApplication.Appliction 属性吗？

public class MyHttpApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
{
    protected void Application_Start()
    {
        this.Application["auth"] = GetAuthFromContainer();
    }

    protected void Application_AuthenticateRequest()
    {
        IUserAuthentication auth = (IUserAuthentication)this.Application["auth"]; 
        // auth != null
    }
}