检查 ocaml 中可变列表是否有循环?
我正在尝试编写一个函数来测试 Ocaml 中的可变列表是否包含循环(即,具有对其自身的引用并连续重复。
我的列表定义为 type 'a m_list = Nil | Cons 'a * (('a m_list) ref)
到目前为止,我已经:
let is_cyclic list =
let rec check xs =
match (!xs) with
|Nil -> false
|Cons(_,v) -> ((!v)==list)||check v in
match list with
|Nil -> false
|Cons(_, x) -> check x ;;
但它不太正确,我不确定如何从这里继续......感谢您的帮助!
I'm trying to write a function to test whether a mutable list in Ocaml contains a cycle or not (that is, has a reference to itself and repeats continuously.
My list is defined as type 'a m_list = Nil | Cons of 'a * (('a m_list) ref)
.
So far, I have:
let is_cyclic list =
let rec check xs =
match (!xs) with
|Nil -> false
|Cons(_,v) -> ((!v)==list)||check v in
match list with
|Nil -> false
|Cons(_, x) -> check x ;;
but it's not quite right and I'm unsure how to proceed from here...thanks for any help!
如果你对这篇内容有疑问,欢迎到本站社区发帖提问 参与讨论,获取更多帮助,或者扫码二维码加入 Web 技术交流群。
绑定邮箱获取回复消息
由于您还没有绑定你的真实邮箱,如果其他用户或者作者回复了您的评论,将不能在第一时间通知您!
发布评论
评论(3)
一旦两个 Cons 单元(在列表中的不同深度找到)相同,列表中就会出现一个循环。您的示例代码仅检查第一个 Cons 单元格是否再次出现在列表中。检查循环的一种方法是记住您在列表中访问过的所有 Cons 单元格,并将每个新单元格与所有先前的单元格进行比较。
我不会编写整个函数,但它可能如下所示:
There is a cycle in the list as soon as two Cons cells (found at different depths in the list) are the same. Your example code only checks if the first Cons cell appears again down in the list. One way to check for cycles is to remember all the Cons cells you have visited going down the list, and to compare each new cell to all the previous ones.
I'm not going to write the entire function, but it may look like this:
Pascal Cuoq 的答案是最好的答案,但为了方便起见,您还可以使用恒定内存执行此检查(但计算成本更高),方法是保留两个游标并将其中一个游标的前进速度比另一个游标快两倍,并在它们相等时立即停止:
Pascal Cuoq's answer is the best one, but for the sake of anecdotal obscurity, you can also perform this check with constant memory (but at a higher computational cost) by keeping two cursors and advancing one of them twice as fast as the other, and stopping as soon as they are equal:
如果列表很长,您可能需要使用哈希表而不是列表来存储访问过的单元格并在接近恒定的时间内执行查找。
让我扩展和修改 Pascal 的代码:
V 模块来自以下函子应用程序:
并且 Visits 定义如下:
上面的实现是完全安全且面向未来的,但与基于列表的解决方案不同,它不是多态的。
可以编写一个使用臭名昭著的 Obj 模块的多态版本,在不了解许多未正式记录的内容的情况下不应使用该模块。下面的代码中使用 Obj 对 Hashtbl 模块的实现做出了假设,这些假设将来不太可能被破坏,但我们会向您发出警告。
也就是说,它是多态的,因此易于使用:
If the list is long, you may want to use a hash table instead of a list for storing the visited cells and performing the lookups in near-constant time.
Let me expand and modify Pascal's code:
The V module comes from the following functor application:
and Visits is defined as follows:
The implementation above is perfectly safe and future-proof but is not polymorphic unlike the list-based solution.
It is possible to write a polymorphic version that uses the infamous Obj module, which should not be used without knowing a number of things that are not officially documented. The use of Obj in the code below makes assumptions on the implementation of the Hashtbl module, which are unlikely to break in the future but you are being warned.
That said, it is polymorphic and therefore easy to use: