NumPy:计算删除 NaN 的平均值

发布于 2024-10-27 13:18:23 字数 422 浏览 6 评论 0原文

如何沿着矩阵计算矩阵平均值,但要从计算中删除 nan 值? (对于 R 语言的人,请考虑 na.rm = TRUE)。

这是我的[非]工作示例:

import numpy as np
dat = np.array([[1, 2, 3],
                [4, 5, np.nan],
                [np.nan, 6, np.nan],
                [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan]])
print(dat)
print(dat.mean(1))  # [  2.  nan  nan  nan]

删除 NaN 后,我的预期输出将是:

array([ 2.,  4.5,  6.,  nan])

How can I calculate matrix mean values along a matrix, but to remove nan values from calculation? (For R people, think na.rm = TRUE).

Here is my [non-]working example:

import numpy as np
dat = np.array([[1, 2, 3],
                [4, 5, np.nan],
                [np.nan, 6, np.nan],
                [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan]])
print(dat)
print(dat.mean(1))  # [  2.  nan  nan  nan]

With NaNs removed, my expected output would be:

array([ 2.,  4.5,  6.,  nan])

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评论(12

感性不性感 2024-11-03 13:18:23

我认为你想要的是一个屏蔽数组:

dat = np.array([[1,2,3], [4,5,'nan'], ['nan',6,'nan'], ['nan','nan','nan']])
mdat = np.ma.masked_array(dat,np.isnan(dat))
mm = np.mean(mdat,axis=1)
print mm.filled(np.nan) # the desired answer

编辑:组合所有计时数据

   from timeit import Timer
    
    setupstr="""
import numpy as np
from scipy.stats.stats import nanmean    
dat = np.random.normal(size=(1000,1000))
ii = np.ix_(np.random.randint(0,99,size=50),np.random.randint(0,99,size=50))
dat[ii] = np.nan
"""  

    method1="""
mdat = np.ma.masked_array(dat,np.isnan(dat))
mm = np.mean(mdat,axis=1)
mm.filled(np.nan)    
"""
    
    N = 2
    t1 = Timer(method1, setupstr).timeit(N)
    t2 = Timer("[np.mean([l for l in d if not np.isnan(l)]) for d in dat]", setupstr).timeit(N)
    t3 = Timer("np.array([r[np.isfinite(r)].mean() for r in dat])", setupstr).timeit(N)
    t4 = Timer("np.ma.masked_invalid(dat).mean(axis=1)", setupstr).timeit(N)
    t5 = Timer("nanmean(dat,axis=1)", setupstr).timeit(N)
    
    print 'Time: %f\tRatio: %f' % (t1,t1/t1 )
    print 'Time: %f\tRatio: %f' % (t2,t2/t1 )
    print 'Time: %f\tRatio: %f' % (t3,t3/t1 )
    print 'Time: %f\tRatio: %f' % (t4,t4/t1 )
    print 'Time: %f\tRatio: %f' % (t5,t5/t1 )

返回:

Time: 0.045454  Ratio: 1.000000
Time: 8.179479  Ratio: 179.950595
Time: 0.060988  Ratio: 1.341755
Time: 0.070955  Ratio: 1.561029
Time: 0.065152  Ratio: 1.433364

I think what you want is a masked array:

dat = np.array([[1,2,3], [4,5,'nan'], ['nan',6,'nan'], ['nan','nan','nan']])
mdat = np.ma.masked_array(dat,np.isnan(dat))
mm = np.mean(mdat,axis=1)
print mm.filled(np.nan) # the desired answer

Edit: Combining all of the timing data

   from timeit import Timer
    
    setupstr="""
import numpy as np
from scipy.stats.stats import nanmean    
dat = np.random.normal(size=(1000,1000))
ii = np.ix_(np.random.randint(0,99,size=50),np.random.randint(0,99,size=50))
dat[ii] = np.nan
"""  

    method1="""
mdat = np.ma.masked_array(dat,np.isnan(dat))
mm = np.mean(mdat,axis=1)
mm.filled(np.nan)    
"""
    
    N = 2
    t1 = Timer(method1, setupstr).timeit(N)
    t2 = Timer("[np.mean([l for l in d if not np.isnan(l)]) for d in dat]", setupstr).timeit(N)
    t3 = Timer("np.array([r[np.isfinite(r)].mean() for r in dat])", setupstr).timeit(N)
    t4 = Timer("np.ma.masked_invalid(dat).mean(axis=1)", setupstr).timeit(N)
    t5 = Timer("nanmean(dat,axis=1)", setupstr).timeit(N)
    
    print 'Time: %f\tRatio: %f' % (t1,t1/t1 )
    print 'Time: %f\tRatio: %f' % (t2,t2/t1 )
    print 'Time: %f\tRatio: %f' % (t3,t3/t1 )
    print 'Time: %f\tRatio: %f' % (t4,t4/t1 )
    print 'Time: %f\tRatio: %f' % (t5,t5/t1 )

Returns:

Time: 0.045454  Ratio: 1.000000
Time: 8.179479  Ratio: 179.950595
Time: 0.060988  Ratio: 1.341755
Time: 0.070955  Ratio: 1.561029
Time: 0.065152  Ratio: 1.433364
时光是把杀猪刀 2024-11-03 13:18:23

如果性能很重要,您应该使用 bottleneck.nanmean() 代替:

http:// pypi.python.org/pypi/Bottleneck

If performance matters, you should use bottleneck.nanmean() instead:

http://pypi.python.org/pypi/Bottleneck

油焖大侠 2024-11-03 13:18:23

从 numpy 1.8(2013-10-30 发布)开始,nanmean 正是您所需要的:

>>> import numpy as np
>>> np.nanmean(np.array([1.5, 3.5, np.nan]))
2.5

From numpy 1.8 (released 2013-10-30) onwards, nanmean does precisely what you need:

>>> import numpy as np
>>> np.nanmean(np.array([1.5, 3.5, np.nan]))
2.5
丑丑阿 2024-11-03 13:18:23

也可以动态创建过滤掉 nan 的屏蔽数组:

print np.ma.masked_invalid(dat).mean(1)

A masked array with the nans filtered out can also be created on the fly:

print np.ma.masked_invalid(dat).mean(1)
泪痕残 2024-11-03 13:18:23

您总是可以找到类似的解决方法:

numpy.nansum(dat, axis=1) / numpy.sum(numpy.isfinite(dat), axis=1)

Numpy 2.0 的 numpy.mean 有一个 skipna 选项来解决这个问题。

You can always find a workaround in something like:

numpy.nansum(dat, axis=1) / numpy.sum(numpy.isfinite(dat), axis=1)

Numpy 2.0's numpy.mean has a skipna option which should take care of that.

橘和柠 2024-11-03 13:18:23

这是建立在 JoshAdel 建议的解决方案之上的。

定义以下函数:

def nanmean(data, **args):
    return numpy.ma.filled(numpy.ma.masked_array(data,numpy.isnan(data)).mean(**args), fill_value=numpy.nan)

使用示例:

data = [[0, 1, numpy.nan], [8, 5, 1]]
data = numpy.array(data)
print data
print nanmean(data)
print nanmean(data, axis=0)
print nanmean(data, axis=1)

将打印出:

[[  0.   1.  nan]
 [  8.   5.   1.]]

3.0

[ 4.  3.  1.]

[ 0.5         4.66666667]

This is built upon the solution suggested by JoshAdel.

Define the following function:

def nanmean(data, **args):
    return numpy.ma.filled(numpy.ma.masked_array(data,numpy.isnan(data)).mean(**args), fill_value=numpy.nan)

Example use:

data = [[0, 1, numpy.nan], [8, 5, 1]]
data = numpy.array(data)
print data
print nanmean(data)
print nanmean(data, axis=0)
print nanmean(data, axis=1)

Will print out:

[[  0.   1.  nan]
 [  8.   5.   1.]]

3.0

[ 4.  3.  1.]

[ 0.5         4.66666667]
无语# 2024-11-03 13:18:23

使用 Pandas 来做到这一点怎么样:

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
dat = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, np.nan], [np.nan, 6, np.nan], [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan]])
print dat
print dat.mean(1)

df = pd.DataFrame(dat)
print df.mean(axis=1)

给出:

0    2.0
1    4.5
2    6.0
3    NaN

How about using Pandas to do this:

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
dat = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, np.nan], [np.nan, 6, np.nan], [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan]])
print dat
print dat.mean(1)

df = pd.DataFrame(dat)
print df.mean(axis=1)

Gives:

0    2.0
1    4.5
2    6.0
3    NaN
临风闻羌笛 2024-11-03 13:18:23

或者您使用新上传的 laxarray,它是屏蔽数组的包装器之一。

import laxarray as la
la.array(dat).mean(axis=1)

遵循 JoshAdel 的协议我得到:

Time: 0.048791  Ratio: 1.000000   
Time: 0.062242  Ratio: 1.275689   # laxarray's one-liner

所以 laxarray 稍微慢一些(需要检查原因,也许可以修复),但更容易使用并允许用字符串标记维度。

查看: https://github.com/perrette/laxarray

编辑:我已经检查了另一个模块, “la”,拉里,它击败了所有测试:

import la
la.larry(dat).mean(axis=1)

By hand, Time: 0.049013 Ratio: 1.000000
Larry,   Time: 0.005467 Ratio: 0.111540
laxarray Time: 0.061751 Ratio: 1.259889

令人印象深刻!

Or you use laxarray, freshly uploaded, which is among other a wrapper for masked arrays.

import laxarray as la
la.array(dat).mean(axis=1)

following JoshAdel's protocoll I get:

Time: 0.048791  Ratio: 1.000000   
Time: 0.062242  Ratio: 1.275689   # laxarray's one-liner

So laxarray is marginally slower (would need to check why, maybe fixable), but much easier to use and allow labelling dimensions with strings.

check out: https://github.com/perrette/laxarray

EDIT: I have checked with another module, "la", larry, which beats all tests:

import la
la.larry(dat).mean(axis=1)

By hand, Time: 0.049013 Ratio: 1.000000
Larry,   Time: 0.005467 Ratio: 0.111540
laxarray Time: 0.061751 Ratio: 1.259889

Impressive !

混吃等死 2024-11-03 13:18:23

对所有建议的方法再进行一次速度检查:

Python 2.7.11 |Anaconda 2.4.1 (64-bit)| (default, Jan 19 2016, 12:08:31) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)]
IPython 4.0.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.

import numpy as np
from scipy.stats.stats import nanmean    
dat = np.random.normal(size=(1000,1000))
ii = np.ix_(np.random.randint(0,99,size=50),np.random.randint(0,99,size=50))
dat[ii] = np.nan
In[185]: def method1():
    mdat = np.ma.masked_array(dat,np.isnan(dat))
    mm = np.mean(mdat,axis=1)
    mm.filled(np.nan) 

In[190]: %timeit method1()
100 loops, best of 3: 7.09 ms per loop
In[191]: %timeit [np.mean([l for l in d if not np.isnan(l)]) for d in dat]
1 loops, best of 3: 1.04 s per loop
In[192]: %timeit np.array([r[np.isfinite(r)].mean() for r in dat])
10 loops, best of 3: 19.6 ms per loop
In[193]: %timeit np.ma.masked_invalid(dat).mean(axis=1)
100 loops, best of 3: 11.8 ms per loop
In[194]: %timeit nanmean(dat,axis=1)
100 loops, best of 3: 6.36 ms per loop
In[195]: import bottleneck as bn
In[196]: %timeit bn.nanmean(dat,axis=1)
1000 loops, best of 3: 1.05 ms per loop
In[197]: from scipy import stats
In[198]: %timeit stats.nanmean(dat)
100 loops, best of 3: 6.19 ms per loop

所以最好的是“bottleneck.nanmean(dat, axis=1)”
“scipy.stats.nanmean(dat)”并不比 numpy.nanmean(dat, axis=1) 更快。

One more speed check for all proposed approaches:

Python 2.7.11 |Anaconda 2.4.1 (64-bit)| (default, Jan 19 2016, 12:08:31) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)]
IPython 4.0.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.

import numpy as np
from scipy.stats.stats import nanmean    
dat = np.random.normal(size=(1000,1000))
ii = np.ix_(np.random.randint(0,99,size=50),np.random.randint(0,99,size=50))
dat[ii] = np.nan
In[185]: def method1():
    mdat = np.ma.masked_array(dat,np.isnan(dat))
    mm = np.mean(mdat,axis=1)
    mm.filled(np.nan) 

In[190]: %timeit method1()
100 loops, best of 3: 7.09 ms per loop
In[191]: %timeit [np.mean([l for l in d if not np.isnan(l)]) for d in dat]
1 loops, best of 3: 1.04 s per loop
In[192]: %timeit np.array([r[np.isfinite(r)].mean() for r in dat])
10 loops, best of 3: 19.6 ms per loop
In[193]: %timeit np.ma.masked_invalid(dat).mean(axis=1)
100 loops, best of 3: 11.8 ms per loop
In[194]: %timeit nanmean(dat,axis=1)
100 loops, best of 3: 6.36 ms per loop
In[195]: import bottleneck as bn
In[196]: %timeit bn.nanmean(dat,axis=1)
1000 loops, best of 3: 1.05 ms per loop
In[197]: from scipy import stats
In[198]: %timeit stats.nanmean(dat)
100 loops, best of 3: 6.19 ms per loop

So the best is 'bottleneck.nanmean(dat, axis=1)'
'scipy.stats.nanmean(dat)' is not faster then numpy.nanmean(dat, axis=1).

憧憬巴黎街头的黎明 2024-11-03 13:18:23
# I suggest you this way:
import numpy as np
dat  = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, np.nan], [np.nan, 6, np.nan], [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan]])
dat2 = np.ma.masked_invalid(dat)
print np.mean(dat2, axis=1)   
# I suggest you this way:
import numpy as np
dat  = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, np.nan], [np.nan, 6, np.nan], [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan]])
dat2 = np.ma.masked_invalid(dat)
print np.mean(dat2, axis=1)   
酒绊 2024-11-03 13:18:23
'''define dataMat'''
numFeat= shape(datMat)[1]
for i in range(numFeat):
     meanVal=mean(dataMat[nonzero(~isnan(datMat[:,i].A))[0],i])
'''define dataMat'''
numFeat= shape(datMat)[1]
for i in range(numFeat):
     meanVal=mean(dataMat[nonzero(~isnan(datMat[:,i].A))[0],i])
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