Android 软件堆栈如何工作？
我是一个硬件新手，一个朋友问了我一个问题，我告诉他我会帮他找出答案。他正在考虑在一个 Android 开发还不太普遍的国家开展一些工作。他想使用当地制造商。他找到了一些正在制造“安卓”硬件的人。
这究竟意味着什么？发展必须从哪里开始？编写驱动程序进入内核，还是制造商通常随硬件一起提供这些驱动程序？他能直接投入到创建一个定制的 Android 操作系统吗？
我与人工智能和更高层次的东西一起工作，这不是我喜欢的。任何信息或链接都会有帮助。谢谢！
I'm a hardware noobie, a friend asked me a question and I told him I would find out for him. He is thinking about doing some work with producing Androids in a country where it's not so common place yet. He wants to use local manufacturers. He found some people who are making "android" hardware.
What exactly does that mean? Where would development have to begin? Write drivers to go into the kernel, or do manufacturers generally provide these along with the hardware? Can he just dive into creating a custom android operating system?
I work with AI and higher level stuff, this is not my cup of tea. Any information or links would be helpful. Thanks!
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这可能不是一个足够具体的问题来真正回答，但基本上 android 是一个有点非典型的嵌入式 Linux，有一个自定义的运行时环境（避免 GPL 用户空间组件）和一个有点像 java 的虚拟机。
通常，如果设备制造商将其作为 Android 兼容平台进行营销，他们至少会提供硬件的内核驱动程序。较小的制造商未能提供内核源代码，甚至可能无法提供他们正在使用的 GCC 版本的源代码，因此存在一些问题，因此请谨慎选择硬件！
This is probably not a specific enough question to really answer, but basically android is a somewhat atypical embedded linux, with a custom runtime environment (avoiding GPL userspace components) and a somewhat java-like virtual machine on top of that.
Typically the device manufacturer would supply at least the kernel drivers for the hardware, if they are marketing it as an android compatible platform. There have been some problems with lesser manufacturers failing to provide kernel sources or possibly even sources of the version of GCC they are using, so choose hardware with care!