如何像 Windows 资源管理器一样按文件名排序?

发布于 2024-10-26 14:28:56 字数 584 浏览 2 评论 0原文

这就是应用于 powershell 的“ASCIIbetical”顺序与“自然”顺序的著名问题。为了能够像explorer一样在powershell中进行排序,您可以使用这个包装器 通过 StrCmpLogicalW API,它实际上为 Windows 资源管理器执行自然排序。但这将需要一些管道。

然而,这篇文章建议python 中有一个排序的三行实现。人们希望 Get-ChildItem cmdlet 或至少文件系统提供程序可以具有内置的自然排序选项。不幸的是,他们没有。

那么问题来了,在 Powershell 中最简单的实现是什么?简单地说,我的意思是要编写的代码量最少,并且可能不需要第三方/外部脚本/组件。理想情况下,我想要一个简短 Powershell 函数来为我进行排序。

This is the famous problem of "ASCIIbetical" order versus "Natural" order as applied to powershell. To be able to sort in powershell the same way as explorer does, you can use this wrapper over StrCmpLogicalW API, that actually performs the natural sorting for Windows Explorer. This will require some plumbing though.

However, this article suggests that there is a three liner implementation of the sort in python. One would hope that Get-ChildItem cmdlet or at least File System Provider can have built-in natural sorting option. Unfortunately, they do not.

So here is the question, what is simplest implementation of this in Powershell? By simple I mean the least amount of code to write, and possibly no third-party/external scripts/components. Ideally I want a short Powershell function that would do the sorting for me.

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听风念你 2024-11-02 14:29:20

我更喜欢 @Larry Song 的答案,因为它的排序方式与 Windows 资源管理器完全一样。我尝试稍微简化一下,以减少干扰。

Add-Type -TypeDefinition @"
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
public static class NaturalSort
{
    [DllImport("Shlwapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
    private static extern int StrCmpLogicalW(string psz1, string psz2);
    public static string[] Sort(string[] array)
    {
        System.Array.Sort(array, (psz1, psz2) => StrCmpLogicalW(psz1, psz2));
        return array;
    }
}
"@

然后你可以像这样使用它:

$array = ('1.jpg', '10.jpg', '2.jpg')
[NaturalSort]::Sort($array)

输出:

1.jpg
2.jpg
10.jpg

I prefer @Larry Song's answer because it sorts exactly the way Windows Explorer does. I tried to simplify it a little to make it less intrusive.

Add-Type -TypeDefinition @"
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
public static class NaturalSort
{
    [DllImport("Shlwapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
    private static extern int StrCmpLogicalW(string psz1, string psz2);
    public static string[] Sort(string[] array)
    {
        System.Array.Sort(array, (psz1, psz2) => StrCmpLogicalW(psz1, psz2));
        return array;
    }
}
"@

Then you can use it like:

$array = ('1.jpg', '10.jpg', '2.jpg')
[NaturalSort]::Sort($array)

which outputs:

1.jpg
2.jpg
10.jpg
晨曦慕雪 2024-11-02 14:29:20

从 python 到 PowerShell 的翻译效果非常好:

function sort-dir {
    param($dir)
    $toarray = {
        @($_.BaseName -split '(\d+)' | ?{$_} |
        % { if ([int]::TryParse($_,[ref]$null)) { [int]$_ } else { $_ } })
    }
    gci $dir | sort -Property $toarray
}

#try it
mkdir $env:TEMP\mytestsodir
1..10 + 100..105 | % { '' | Set-Content $env:TEMP\mytestsodir\$_.txt }
sort-dir $env:TEMP\mytestsodir
Remove-Item $env:TEMP\mytestsodir -Recurse

使用 代理函数方法。您将 -natur 参数添加到 Sort-Object 中,您就得到了非常漂亮的解决方案。

更新:首先,我对 PowerShell 以这种方式处理比较数组感到非常惊讶。在我尝试创建测试文件后 ("a0", "a100", "a2") + 1..10 + 100..105 | % { '' | Set-Content $env:TEMP\mytestsodir\$_.txt },结果发现不行。所以,我认为没有像这样优雅的解决方案,因为 PowerShell 在幕后是静态的,而 python 是动态的。

Translation from python to PowerShell works pretty well:

function sort-dir {
    param($dir)
    $toarray = {
        @($_.BaseName -split '(\d+)' | ?{$_} |
        % { if ([int]::TryParse($_,[ref]$null)) { [int]$_ } else { $_ } })
    }
    gci $dir | sort -Property $toarray
}

#try it
mkdir $env:TEMP\mytestsodir
1..10 + 100..105 | % { '' | Set-Content $env:TEMP\mytestsodir\$_.txt }
sort-dir $env:TEMP\mytestsodir
Remove-Item $env:TEMP\mytestsodir -Recurse

You can do it even better when you use Proxy function approach. You add -natur parameter to Sort-Object and you have pretty beautiful solution.

Update: First I was quite surprised that PowerShell handles comparing arrays in this way. After I tried to create test files ("a0", "a100", "a2") + 1..10 + 100..105 | % { '' | Set-Content $env:TEMP\mytestsodir\$_.txt }, it turned out that it doesn't work. So, I think there is no elegant solution like, because PowerShell is static under the covers, whereas python is dynamic.

誰認得朕 2024-11-02 14:29:19

请允许我复制并粘贴另一个问题的答案。

带有数字的 Powershell 排序对象名称不正确< /a>

Windows 资源管理器使用 shlwapi.dll 中名为 StrCmpLogicalW 的旧版 API,这就是看到不同排序结果的原因。

我不想补零,所以写了一个脚本。

https://github.com/LarrysGIT/Powershell-Natural-sort

因为我不是作为 C# 专家,如果拉取请求不整洁,我们会表示赞赏。

找到以下PowerShell脚本,它使用相同的API。

function Sort-Naturally
{
    PARAM(
        [System.Collections.ArrayList]$Array,
        [switch]$Descending
    )

    Add-Type -TypeDefinition @'
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace NaturalSort {
    public static class NaturalSort
    {
        [DllImport("shlwapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
        public static extern int StrCmpLogicalW(string psz1, string psz2);
        public static System.Collections.ArrayList Sort(System.Collections.ArrayList foo)
        {
            foo.Sort(new NaturalStringComparer());
            return foo;
        }
    }
    public class NaturalStringComparer : IComparer
    {
        public int Compare(object x, object y)
        {
            return NaturalSort.StrCmpLogicalW(x.ToString(), y.ToString());
        }
    }
}
'@
    $Array.Sort((New-Object NaturalSort.NaturalStringComparer))
    if($Descending)
    {
        $Array.Reverse()
    }
    return $Array
}

查找下面的测试结果。

PS> # Natural sort
PS> . .\NaturalSort.ps1
PS> Sort-Naturally -Array @('2', '1', '11')
1
2
11
PS> # If regular sort is being used
PS> @('2', '1', '11') | Sort-Object
1
11
2

PS> # Not good
PS> $t = ls .\testfiles\*.txt
PS> $t | Sort-Object
1.txt
10.txt
2.txt

PS> # Good
PS> Sort-Naturally -Array $t
1.txt
2.txt
10.txt

Allow me to copy and paste my answer from another question.

Powershell Sort-Object Name with numbers doesn't properly

Windows explorer is using a legacy API from shlwapi.dll which called StrCmpLogicalW, that's the reason seeing different sorting results.

I don't want to pad zeros, so wrote a script.

https://github.com/LarrysGIT/Powershell-Natural-sort

Since I am not a C# expert, pull requests are appreciated if it's not tidy.

Find following PowerShell script, it uses the same API.

function Sort-Naturally
{
    PARAM(
        [System.Collections.ArrayList]$Array,
        [switch]$Descending
    )

    Add-Type -TypeDefinition @'
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace NaturalSort {
    public static class NaturalSort
    {
        [DllImport("shlwapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
        public static extern int StrCmpLogicalW(string psz1, string psz2);
        public static System.Collections.ArrayList Sort(System.Collections.ArrayList foo)
        {
            foo.Sort(new NaturalStringComparer());
            return foo;
        }
    }
    public class NaturalStringComparer : IComparer
    {
        public int Compare(object x, object y)
        {
            return NaturalSort.StrCmpLogicalW(x.ToString(), y.ToString());
        }
    }
}
'@
    $Array.Sort((New-Object NaturalSort.NaturalStringComparer))
    if($Descending)
    {
        $Array.Reverse()
    }
    return $Array
}

Find test results below.

PS> # Natural sort
PS> . .\NaturalSort.ps1
PS> Sort-Naturally -Array @('2', '1', '11')
1
2
11
PS> # If regular sort is being used
PS> @('2', '1', '11') | Sort-Object
1
11
2

PS> # Not good
PS> $t = ls .\testfiles\*.txt
PS> $t | Sort-Object
1.txt
10.txt
2.txt

PS> # Good
PS> Sort-Naturally -Array $t
1.txt
2.txt
10.txt
姐不稀罕 2024-11-02 14:29:17

TL;DR

Get-ChildItem | Sort-Object { [regex]::Replace($_.Name, '\d+', { $args[0].Value.PadLeft(20) }) }

这里有一些非常短的代码(只是 $ToNatural 脚本块),它使用正则表达式和匹配评估器来完成这个技巧,以便用空格填充数字。然后我们像往常一样用填充数字对输入进行排序,并最终得到自然顺序。

$ToNatural = { [regex]::Replace($_, '\d+', { $args[0].Value.PadLeft(20) }) }

'----- test 1 ASCIIbetical order'
Get-Content list.txt | Sort-Object

'----- test 2 input with padded numbers'
Get-Content list.txt | %{ . $ToNatural }

'----- test 3 Natural order: sorted with padded numbers'
Get-Content list.txt | Sort-Object $ToNatural

输出:

----- test 1 ASCIIbetical order
1.txt
10.txt
3.txt
a10b1.txt
a1b1.txt
a2b1.txt
a2b11.txt
a2b2.txt
b1.txt
b10.txt
b2.txt
----- test 2 input with padded numbers
                   1.txt
                  10.txt
                   3.txt
a                  10b                   1.txt
a                   1b                   1.txt
a                   2b                   1.txt
a                   2b                  11.txt
a                   2b                   2.txt
b                   1.txt
b                  10.txt
b                   2.txt
----- test 3 Natural order: sorted with padded numbers
1.txt
3.txt
10.txt
a1b1.txt
a2b1.txt
a2b2.txt
a2b11.txt
a10b1.txt
b1.txt
b2.txt
b10.txt

最后我们使用这个单行代码按名称按自然顺序对文件进行排序:

Get-ChildItem | Sort-Object { [regex]::Replace($_.Name, '\d+', { $args[0].Value.PadLeft(20) }) }

输出:

    Directory: C:\TEMP\_110325_063356

Mode                LastWriteTime     Length Name                                                                                                                  
----                -------------     ------ ----                                                                                                                  
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 1.txt                                                                                                                 
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 3.txt                                                                                                                 
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 10.txt                                                                                                                
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 a1b1.txt                                                                                                              
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 a2b1.txt                                                                                                              
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 a2b2.txt                                                                                                              
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 a2b11.txt                                                                                                             
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 a10b1.txt                                                                                                             
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 b1.txt                                                                                                                
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 b2.txt                                                                                                                
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 b10.txt                                                                                                               
-a---        2011-03-25     04:54         99 list.txt                                                                                                              
-a---        2011-03-25     06:05        346 sort-natural.ps1                                                                                                      
-a---        2011-03-25     06:35         96 test.ps1                                                                                                              

TL;DR

Get-ChildItem | Sort-Object { [regex]::Replace($_.Name, '\d+', { $args[0].Value.PadLeft(20) }) }

Here is some very short code (just the $ToNatural script block) that does the trick with a regular expression and a match evaluator in order to pad the numbers with spaces. Then we sort the input with padded numbers as usual and actually get natural order as a result.

$ToNatural = { [regex]::Replace($_, '\d+', { $args[0].Value.PadLeft(20) }) }

'----- test 1 ASCIIbetical order'
Get-Content list.txt | Sort-Object

'----- test 2 input with padded numbers'
Get-Content list.txt | %{ . $ToNatural }

'----- test 3 Natural order: sorted with padded numbers'
Get-Content list.txt | Sort-Object $ToNatural

Output:

----- test 1 ASCIIbetical order
1.txt
10.txt
3.txt
a10b1.txt
a1b1.txt
a2b1.txt
a2b11.txt
a2b2.txt
b1.txt
b10.txt
b2.txt
----- test 2 input with padded numbers
                   1.txt
                  10.txt
                   3.txt
a                  10b                   1.txt
a                   1b                   1.txt
a                   2b                   1.txt
a                   2b                  11.txt
a                   2b                   2.txt
b                   1.txt
b                  10.txt
b                   2.txt
----- test 3 Natural order: sorted with padded numbers
1.txt
3.txt
10.txt
a1b1.txt
a2b1.txt
a2b2.txt
a2b11.txt
a10b1.txt
b1.txt
b2.txt
b10.txt

And finally we use this one-liner to sort files by names in natural order:

Get-ChildItem | Sort-Object { [regex]::Replace($_.Name, '\d+', { $args[0].Value.PadLeft(20) }) }

Output:

    Directory: C:\TEMP\_110325_063356

Mode                LastWriteTime     Length Name                                                                                                                  
----                -------------     ------ ----                                                                                                                  
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 1.txt                                                                                                                 
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 3.txt                                                                                                                 
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 10.txt                                                                                                                
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 a1b1.txt                                                                                                              
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 a2b1.txt                                                                                                              
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 a2b2.txt                                                                                                              
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 a2b11.txt                                                                                                             
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 a10b1.txt                                                                                                             
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 b1.txt                                                                                                                
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 b2.txt                                                                                                                
-a---        2011-03-25     06:34          8 b10.txt                                                                                                               
-a---        2011-03-25     04:54         99 list.txt                                                                                                              
-a---        2011-03-25     06:05        346 sort-natural.ps1                                                                                                      
-a---        2011-03-25     06:35         96 test.ps1                                                                                                              
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