如何编写连接互联网的BIOS程序？
我知道有一些程序（例如适用于笔记本电脑的 lojack）安装在 BIOS 上，但我仍然有点困惑。在阅读有关 lojack 的信息时，在我看来，在用户登录并尝试访问互联网之前，他们无法完全定位笔记本电脑的位置。所以我认为这是一个 BIOS 应用程序，因此即使小偷重新格式化硬盘也没关系。
所以我的问题是，是否有人知道如何通过互联网编写 BIOS 应用程序。我并不是在寻找完整的答案——只是寻找入门的想法或资源。比如这样的东西是用汇编写的吗？一旦编写了这样一个应用程序，它如何传输到 BIOS。 BIOS 程序本身是否识别出存在互联网连接（当窃贼登录操作系统时）。或者登录时是否会生成其他进程？有没有任何人都可以指导我的资源/网站？
I am aware that there are programs out there like lojack for laptops that get installed on the BIOS, but I'm still a little confused. When reading about lojack, it seems to me that they can't fully located the laptop's location until the user logs in and tries to access the internet. So I'm thinking that it's a BIOS application so that it wouldn't matter if the thief reformats the HD.
So my question is, does anyone have any ideas of how an internet enables BIOS application would be written. I'm not looking for full answers -- just ideas or resources to get started. For example, is such a thing written in assembly? Once one such app is written, how does it get transfered to the BIOS.
Does the BIOS program itself recognize that there is an internet connection (when the thief logs on to the OS). Or upon logon, does additional processes get spawned? Are there any resources/websites that anyone can direct me too?
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您没有提到您是否对传统 BIOS 或 EFI BIOS 感兴趣，但我会提到，使用 EFI 可以编写 EFI 应用程序。请参阅英特尔出版社：
利用 UEFI Shell
EFI 应用工具套件附带完整的 TCP/IP网络堆栈：
http://www.intel.com/technology/efi/toolkit_overview.htm
更多信息请访问 tianocore.org
You didn't mention whether you were interested in legacy BIOS or EFI BIOS, but I would mention that with EFI there is the capability of writing EFI applications. See Intel Press:
Harnessing the UEFI Shell
The EFI Application toolkit comes with a complete TCP/IP network stack:
http://www.intel.com/technology/efi/toolkit_overview.htm
More at tianocore.org
对于“LoJack”式的解决方案，该技术的提供者之一是Absolute Software的Computrace产品。
基本上有 3 个组件：1）在操作系统中运行的软件组件； 2) 内置于系统 BIOS 中的 BIOS 组件（通过 Absolute 与 PC 供应商合作完成）； 3) 与 PC 通信的 Absolute 软件服务器。
有关其工作原理的更多信息，请访问：
http://www.absolute.com/en/company/Computrace-Persistence.aspx
（特别参见本网站上的演示视频）
Regarding "LoJack"-style solutions, one of the providers of this technology is Absolute Software's Computrace product.
Basically there are 3 components: 1) a software component that runs in the OS; 2) a BIOS component which is baked into the system BIOS (accomplished via Absolute working with the PC vendor); 3) servers at Absolute software that talk to the PC.
For more information on how it works visit:
http://www.absolute.com/en/company/Computrace-Persistence.aspx
(see especially the demo video on this site)
要了解有关 BIOS 的知识，coreboot.org 是一个很好的来源。它是一个开源BIOS（或固件）并支持一些物理机。
传统的BIOS是用汇编语言编写的，但新一代的BIOS，例如UEFI或coreboot，主要是用C语言编写的。 BIOS程序存储在ROM中，由CPU自动执行。
To learn something about BIOS, one good source is coreboot.org. It is an open source BIOS (or firmware) and support some physical machines.
Legacy BIOS is written in assembly language, but new generations, such as UEFI or coreboot, are written mostly in C language. BIOS program is stored in the ROM, and executed by the CPU automatically.
BIOS 程序本身不访问互联网或执行任何宣传的功能。 BIOS 固件中的 LoJack 附加功能是一个文件复制/修补实用程序 - 在启动时，它可以检查硬盘驱动器中是否有 Windows 副本，并继续静默安装/修复 LoJack 服务（如果它已被删除）。该服务本身包括多种措施来降低其配置文件并防止自身被禁用（类似于有多少木马和恶意软件运行多个进程，如果一个进程被禁用或杀死，每个进程都会恢复另一个进程）。
如果在擦除硬盘后安装了不受支持的操作系统（如 Linux），LoJack BIOS 程序将无法执行任何操作。
The BIOS program itself does not access the internet or perform any of the advertised functions. The LoJack addition to the BIOS firmware is a file copying/patching utility - at boot up it can check the harddrive for a copy of Windows and proceed to silently install/repair the LoJack service if it has been removed. The service itself includes several measures to lower it's profile and prevent itself from being disabled (similar to how many trojans and malware run several processes that each restore the other if one is disabled or killed).
The LoJack BIOS program can't do anything if a unsupported operating system (like Linux) is installed after the harddrive is wiped.