It depends on how it's implemented. If there is a central server managing the clients connected, you can
use polling and have the client get the current status from the server
use some sort of push protocol, but then the client would have to open its own TCP or UDP server port so the server application can initiate communication to the client
If there's no server, there are many papers and examples of peer-to-peer communication. In that case I'd assume that every client is a server as well, so it's kindof like 2) above.
AFAIK there's no "standard protocol" for chat applications, but there are some open implementations one could use (Jabber).
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这取决于它如何实施。如果有一个中央服务器管理连接的客户端，您可以
如果没有服务器，有很多关于点对点通信的论文和示例。在这种情况下，我假设每个客户端也是服务器，所以有点像上面的 2)。
AFAIK 聊天应用程序没有“标准协议”，但有一些可以使用的开放实现（Jabber）。
It depends on how it's implemented. If there is a central server managing the clients connected, you can
If there's no server, there are many papers and examples of peer-to-peer communication. In that case I'd assume that every client is a server as well, so it's kindof like 2) above.
AFAIK there's no "standard protocol" for chat applications, but there are some open implementations one could use (Jabber).