在C文件中执行嵌入lua时出现编译错误

Question

我使用 Cygwin 环境，在安装 cygwin 时包含 Lua Interpreter 包。 所以我能够编译并运行示例 lua progs。 但是当我尝试执行一个包含 lua 调用的示例 c 文件时，我总是收到以下错误。

$ cc -o ../samples/ctest -Wall  ../samples/ctest.c
/tmp/ccOYgLj4.o:ctest.c:(.text+0x2b): undefined reference to `_luaL_newstate'
/tmp/ccOYgLj4.o:ctest.c:(.text+0x3d): undefined reference to `_luaL_openlibs'
/tmp/ccOYgLj4.o:ctest.c:(.text+0x59): undefined reference to `_luaL_loadfile'
/tmp/ccOYgLj4.o:ctest.c:(.text+0x82): undefined reference to `_lua_pcall'
/tmp/ccOYgLj4.o:ctest.c:(.text+0xb8): undefined reference to `_lua_getfield'
/tmp/ccOYgLj4.o:ctest.c:(.text+0xd5): undefined reference to `_lua_call'
/tmp/ccOYgLj4.o:ctest.c:(.text+0xf0): undefined reference to `_lua_close'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

我的示例 ctest.c 文件内容：

#include <stdio.h>
#include "lua.h"
#include "lualib.h"
#include "lauxlib.h"

/* lua interpreter */
lua_State* l;

int main () {
  int dofile;

  /* initialize lua */
  l = lua_open();

  /* load lua libraries */
  luaL_openlibs(l);

  /* run the hello.lua script */
  dofile = luaL_dofile(l, "hello.lua");

  if (dofile == 0) {
    /* call foo */
    lua_getglobal(l,"foo");
    lua_call(l,0,0);
  }
  else {
    printf("Error, unable to run hello.lua\n");
  }

  /* cleanup Lua */
  lua_close(l);

  return 0;
}

hello.lua file contents:
print("from c hurray")

在网上到处搜索时，他们说存在一些链接器错误，并且必须包含 -llua51。所以我尝试了以下方法。

$ cc -o ../samples/ctest -Wall -llua5.1 ../samples/ctest.c
/tmp/cc3v5Nim.o:ctest.c:(.text+0x2b): undefined reference to `_luaL_newstate'
/tmp/cc3v5Nim.o:ctest.c:(.text+0x3d): undefined reference to `_luaL_openlibs'
/tmp/cc3v5Nim.o:ctest.c:(.text+0x59): undefined reference to `_luaL_loadfile'
/tmp/cc3v5Nim.o:ctest.c:(.text+0x82): undefined reference to `_lua_pcall'
/tmp/cc3v5Nim.o:ctest.c:(.text+0xb8): undefined reference to `_lua_getfield'
/tmp/cc3v5Nim.o:ctest.c:(.text+0xd5): undefined reference to `_lua_call'
/tmp/cc3v5Nim.o:ctest.c:(.text+0xf0): undefined reference to `_lua_close'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

Vedhashree@Vedhashree-PC /cygdrive/c/cygwin/bin
$ ls /usr/lib/liblua*.a
/usr/lib/liblua.a      /usr/lib/liblua5.1.a
/usr/lib/liblua.dll.a  /usr/lib/liblua5.1.dll.a

你能帮我解决这个问题并使我的第一个嵌入式 lua c 程序工作吗？

更新：

$ cc -o ctesing -Wall ctesting.c -llua5.1
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/4.3.4/../../../../i686-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find
 -llua5.1
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

-----------------------------------------------------------------
cc -o ../samples/ctest -Wall ../samples/ctest.c -llua 
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/4.3.4/../../../../i686-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find
 -llua51
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
-----------------------------------------------------------------

cc -o ../samples/ctest -Wall ../samples/ctest.c -llua51 
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/4.3.4/../../../../i686-pc-cygwin/bin/ld: cannot find
 -llua
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
-----------------------------------------------------------------

我仍然只收到这些错误:(

Answer 1

将 -llua5.1 放在 ../samples/ctest.c 之后。对象应该按照依赖关系的相反顺序链接。

cc -o ../samples/ctest -Wall ../samples/ctest.c -llua5.1

更新：您的更新描述了另一个问题。在这种情况下，链接器无法在其搜索路径中找到 liblua5.1.a 文件。确保您的系统上有这样的库，并尝试使用 - 添加其路径L选项。