c++的两个问题只是稍微改变了一点,但答案却截然不同
最近我用c++做了一个关于算法的练习。在这里练习:poj
我发现两个非常困惑的问题。 我写了一个类 MAZE,MAZE 中有三个主要函数,它们是 int left_path();int right_path();int mini_path();
以及打印答案的函数:
void display(){
cout<<left_path()<<" "<<right_path()<<" ";
cout<<mini_path()<<endl;
}
程序可以正常工作。正如我们所见,函数 display() 很容易; 我这样写
void display(){
cout<<left_path()<<" "<<right_path()<<" "<<mini_path()<<endl;
}
只是一处更改;但是程序无法运行,它就像无限循环。
以下是另一个问题: 函数mini_path的框架是这样的,
int maze::mini_path(){
ini();
queue<pair<int,int> > q;
q.push(make_pair(x,y));
while(!q.empty()){
pair<int,int> tmp=q.front();
q.pop();
int t=...;
if(E){
return t;
}
if(E){
S
}
if(E){
S
}
if(E){
S
}
if(E){
S
}
}
return -1;
}
如果最后有“return -1”,则函数正常工作,否则函数返回随机大数。
程序只有一个文件,我使用gun编译器。
我没有显示全部代码,因为我认为没有人想看到它们。我只是想问一下可能会出现什么问题导致上述奇怪的行为。
源代码(针对问题2进行了简化):
typedef enum {LEFT=-1,RIGHT=1,UP,DOWN} direction;
ifstream fin("file_test3.txt");
class maze{
public:
maze(){input();}
int mini_path();
void input();
void display(){
cout<<mini_path()<<endl;
}
private:
bool is_not_dest(){
return !(x==d_x && y==d_y);
}
void ini_dir()
{
if(e_x==0) dir=DOWN;
else if(e_x==height-1) dir=UP;
else if(e_y==0) dir=RIGHT;
else dir=LEFT;
}
void ini(){
x=e_x;
y=e_y;
path_lenth=1;
ini_dir();
}
direction dir,d;
int width,height,maze_map[40][40],path_lenth;
int x,y,e_x,e_y,d_x,d_y;
};
void maze::input()
{
fin>>width>>height;
char sym;
for(int i=0;i<height;++i)
for(int j=0;j<width;++j){
fin>>sym;
if(sym=='#')
maze_map[i][j]=1;
else if(sym=='.')
maze_map[i][j]=0;
else if(sym=='S'){
maze_map[i][j]=-1;
e_x=i;
e_y=j;
}
else {
maze_map[i][j]=-2;
d_x=i;
d_y=j;
}
}
}
int maze::mini_path()
{
ini();
queue<pair<int,int> > q;
if(dir==LEFT) {maze_map[x][--y]=2;}
else if(dir==RIGHT) {maze_map[x][++y]=2;}
else if(dir==UP) {maze_map[--x][y]=2;}
else {maze_map[++x][y]=2;}
q.push(make_pair(x,y));
while(!q.empty()){
pair<int,int> tmp=q.front();
q.pop();
x=tmp.first;
y=tmp.second;
int t=maze_map[x][y]+1;
if((x==d_x && (y-d_y==1 || y-d_y==-1)) ||(y==d_y && (x-d_x==1||x-d_x==-1))){
return t;
}
if(maze_map[x-1][y]==0){
maze_map[x-1][y]=t;
q.push(make_pair(x-1,y));
}
if(maze_map[x+1][y]==0){
maze_map[x+1][y]=t;
q.push(make_pair(x+1,y));
}
if(maze_map[x][y-1]==0){
maze_map[x][y-1]=t;
q.push(make_pair(x,y-1));
}
if(maze_map[x][y+1]==0){
maze_map[x][y+1]=t;
q.push(make_pair(x,y+1));
}
}
return -1;
}
main()
{
int n;
fin>>n;
while(n-- >0){
class maze m;
m.display();
}
}
Recently I do a exercise about algorithm with c++. Exercise in here:poj
I find two very confused questions.
I write a class MAZE and there are three primary functions in MAZE,they areint left_path();int right_path();int mini_path();
and a function to print the answers:
void display(){
cout<<left_path()<<" "<<right_path()<<" ";
cout<<mini_path()<<endl;
}
the program can work correctly.As we see the function display() can be easy;
I write like this
void display(){
cout<<left_path()<<" "<<right_path()<<" "<<mini_path()<<endl;
}
just one change ;however the program can't work,it like loop infinitely.
following is the other question:
the function mini_path's frame like this
int maze::mini_path(){
ini();
queue<pair<int,int> > q;
q.push(make_pair(x,y));
while(!q.empty()){
pair<int,int> tmp=q.front();
q.pop();
int t=...;
if(E){
return t;
}
if(E){
S
}
if(E){
S
}
if(E){
S
}
if(E){
S
}
}
return -1;
}
if there is "return -1" in the end ,the function works right,else the function return random big number.
The program is in only one file and i use the gun compiler.
I don't show the total codes,because i think nobody wants to see them.I just want to ask what problems may lead above strange behaviors.
source code(simplified for question2):
typedef enum {LEFT=-1,RIGHT=1,UP,DOWN} direction;
ifstream fin("file_test3.txt");
class maze{
public:
maze(){input();}
int mini_path();
void input();
void display(){
cout<<mini_path()<<endl;
}
private:
bool is_not_dest(){
return !(x==d_x && y==d_y);
}
void ini_dir()
{
if(e_x==0) dir=DOWN;
else if(e_x==height-1) dir=UP;
else if(e_y==0) dir=RIGHT;
else dir=LEFT;
}
void ini(){
x=e_x;
y=e_y;
path_lenth=1;
ini_dir();
}
direction dir,d;
int width,height,maze_map[40][40],path_lenth;
int x,y,e_x,e_y,d_x,d_y;
};
void maze::input()
{
fin>>width>>height;
char sym;
for(int i=0;i<height;++i)
for(int j=0;j<width;++j){
fin>>sym;
if(sym=='#')
maze_map[i][j]=1;
else if(sym=='.')
maze_map[i][j]=0;
else if(sym=='S'){
maze_map[i][j]=-1;
e_x=i;
e_y=j;
}
else {
maze_map[i][j]=-2;
d_x=i;
d_y=j;
}
}
}
int maze::mini_path()
{
ini();
queue<pair<int,int> > q;
if(dir==LEFT) {maze_map[x][--y]=2;}
else if(dir==RIGHT) {maze_map[x][++y]=2;}
else if(dir==UP) {maze_map[--x][y]=2;}
else {maze_map[++x][y]=2;}
q.push(make_pair(x,y));
while(!q.empty()){
pair<int,int> tmp=q.front();
q.pop();
x=tmp.first;
y=tmp.second;
int t=maze_map[x][y]+1;
if((x==d_x && (y-d_y==1 || y-d_y==-1)) ||(y==d_y && (x-d_x==1||x-d_x==-1))){
return t;
}
if(maze_map[x-1][y]==0){
maze_map[x-1][y]=t;
q.push(make_pair(x-1,y));
}
if(maze_map[x+1][y]==0){
maze_map[x+1][y]=t;
q.push(make_pair(x+1,y));
}
if(maze_map[x][y-1]==0){
maze_map[x][y-1]=t;
q.push(make_pair(x,y-1));
}
if(maze_map[x][y+1]==0){
maze_map[x][y+1]=t;
q.push(make_pair(x,y+1));
}
}
return -1;
}
main()
{
int n;
fin>>n;
while(n-- >0){
class maze m;
m.display();
}
}
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评论(3)
我看到了!你能看到吗? :)
输出:
I see it! Can you see it? :)
The output:
关于问题1:
调用函数的顺序会有所不同。
第一个解决方案将按以下顺序调用它们:
第二个解决方案按以下顺序生成:
所以您可能想要的解决方案是:
regarding question1:
The order in which the functions are called will be different.
the first solution will call them in following order:
the second solution results in following order:
so the solution you probaly want is:
没有足够的信息来回答第一个问题;两个代码是等效的。
[编辑:检查其他答案。无论如何,两个代码应该等效:你的代码中有错误。]
关于第二个问题,我猜“return -1”标志着你的迷宫中“没有可能的路径”,这就是为什么,当您删除它时,您的程序将停止工作。
在迷宫问题中,回溯算法逐格移动。当从一个方格开始没有可能的路径时,必须将该方格标记为无路径。
There is not enough info to answer the first question; both codes are equivalent.
[Edit:Check other answers. Anyway, both codes should be equivalent: you have bugs in your code.]
About the second question, I guess that that "return -1" marks "no possible path" in your maze, that's why, when you remove it, your program stops working.
In the maze problem, a backtracking algorithm moves square by square. When from a square there is no possible path, this square must be marked as no path.