在 C# 中将日期时间转换为儒略日期(ToOADate 安全吗?)
我需要从标准的公历日期转换为儒略日数。
我在 C# 中没有看到任何直接执行此操作的文档,但我发现许多帖子(在 Google 搜索时)建议使用 ToOADate。
ToOADate 上的文档并不建议将此作为有效的儒略日期的转换方法。
任何人都可以澄清此函数是否能够准确地执行转换,或者可能是将 DateTime 转换为 Julian 格式字符串的更合适的方法。
这为我提供了针对 维基百科的儒略日页面
public static long ConvertToJulian(DateTime Date)
{
int Month = Date.Month;
int Day = Date.Day;
int Year = Date.Year;
if (Month < 3)
{
Month = Month + 12;
Year = Year - 1;
}
long JulianDay = Day + (153 * Month - 457) / 5 + 365 * Year + (Year / 4) - (Year / 100) + (Year / 400) + 1721119;
return JulianDay;
}
然而,这并没有理解所使用的幻数。
谢谢
参考文献:
I need to convert from a standard Gregorian date to a Julian day number.
I've seen nothing documented in C# to do this directly, but I have found many posts (while Googling) suggesting the use of ToOADate.
The documentation on ToOADate does not suggest this as a valid conversion method for Julian dates.
Can anyone clarify if this function will perform conversion accurately, or perhaps a more appropriate method to convert DateTime to a Julian formatted string.
This provides me with the expected number when validated against Wikipedia's Julian Day page
public static long ConvertToJulian(DateTime Date)
{
int Month = Date.Month;
int Day = Date.Day;
int Year = Date.Year;
if (Month < 3)
{
Month = Month + 12;
Year = Year - 1;
}
long JulianDay = Day + (153 * Month - 457) / 5 + 365 * Year + (Year / 4) - (Year / 100) + (Year / 400) + 1721119;
return JulianDay;
}
However, this is without an understanding of the magic numbers being used.
Thanks
References:
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如果有人需要将儒略日期转换为 DateTime ,请参见下文:
If someone need to convert from Julian date to DateTime , see below :
David Yaw 的解释是正确的,但计算给定月份之前几个月的一年中的累计天数是反直觉的。如果您更喜欢整数数组以使算法更清晰,那么可以这样做:
并且计算的前三行将变为:
对于范围内的值,表达式
虽然会生成与上面的数组完全相同的序列相同的整数:3至 14;包容性,并且没有存储要求。缺乏存储要求只是以这种模糊的方式计算累积天数的优点。
The explanation by David Yaw is spot on, but calculation of the cumulative number of days of the year for the months prior to the given month is anti-intuitive. If you prefer an array of integers to make the algorithm more clear then this will do:
and the first thre lines of the calculation then become:
The expression
though produces the exact same sequence same integers as the array above for values in the range: 3 to 14; inclusive and does so with no storage requirements. The lack of storage requirements is only virtue in calculating the cumulative number of days in such and obfuscated way.
我的修改儒略日期代码使用相同的算法,但末尾使用不同的幻数,以便结果值与 维基百科。我已经使用同样的算法作为每日时间序列的密钥(最初使用 Java)至少 10 年了。
逆向计算还有更多神奇的数字供你娱乐:
My code for modified Julian Date uses the same algorithm but a different magic number on the end so that the resulting value matches the Modified Julian Date shown on Wikipedia. I have been using this same algorithm for at least 10 years as the key for daily time series (originally in Java).
The reverse calculation has more magic numbers for your amusement:
以下方法为您提供从 1995/1/1, 00:00:00 开始的儒略日
The below method gives you the julian days starting from 1995/1/1, 00:00:00
在 razo 页面中:
代码:
视图:
仅在视图中:
in razo pages:
code:
view:
in view only:
我在微控制器中使用了一些计算,但只需要 2000 年到 2255 年之间的年份。
这是我的代码:
// Convert from DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS to JulianTime
// Reverse from JulianTime to DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
希望这有帮助:D
I use some calculations in microcontrollers but require years only between 2000 and 2255.
Here is my code:
// Convert from DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS to JulianTime
// Reverse from JulianTime to DD-MM-YY HH:MM:SS
Hope this helps :D
您链接的维基百科页面包含用于从儒略历或公历转换的代码。例如,您可以选择转换公历时代之前的日期,这称为“预推公历”。
根据所选的“转换”日历,输出会有所不同。这是因为日历本身是不同的构造,并以不同的方式处理各种类型的对齐/更正。
人们还可以从 JDN 转换回日期组件:
这些方法是根据维基百科上的代码创建的,所以它们应该可以工作,除非我搞砸了一些事情。
The wikipedia page you linked contain the code for conversion from either the Julian or the Gregorian calendars. E.g. you can choose to convert a date prior to the Gregorian calendar era, which is called 'the proleptic Gregorian calendar'.
Depending on the chosen 'conversion' calendar the output will vary. This is because the calendars themselves are different constructs and deals with alignments/corrections of various sorts in different ways.
One can also convert back from JDN to date components:
These methods were created from the code on wikipedia, so they should work, unless I fumbled something up.
根据 2000 年 1 月 1 日 11:58:55,800 UTC (J2000.0) 的定义,
自第一天起已经过去了 2451545 JD(儒略日)。
Per definition on 1.1.2000 at 11:58:55,800 UTC (J2000.0)
exactly 2451545 JD (julian days) had passed since the very first day.
好的,所以我使用儒略日期将它们存储在 SQLite 数据库中。好消息是该库内置了对此类日期的支持。您无需编写任何额外代码即可使用它们。
因此,要启动并运行该程序,请执行以下操作:
第 1 步:下载正确的 DLL:System.Data.Sqlite.DLL。
您可以在 www.dll-files.com 上找到此内容。我选择的是 64 位版本。
步骤 2:在您的项目中引用此 DLL。
第 3 步:启动时,您可能会收到一条恼人的消息,表明该库是混合模式并且是针对早期框架构建的。要解决这个问题,请打开 app.config 并将这一行修改
为
“现在你应该可以开始了”。
示例代码(当然可以使用“using”指令来缩短):
输出是:
OK, so I used Julian dates to store them in SQLite databases. The good news is that support for such dates is built into that library. You can use those without writing any extra code.
So here's to get that up and running:
Step 1: Download the right DLL: System.Data.Sqlite.DLL.
You can find this on the web on www.dll-files.com. I took the 64-bits version.
Step 2: Make a reference to this DLL in your project.
Step 3: On startup you may get an annoying message that the library is mixed mode and built against an earlier framework. To solve that, open app.config and modify this line
into
Now you should be good to go.
Example code (can be shortened with a 'using' directive of course):
And the output from this is:
以下函数将日期转换为与 Tradestation Easylanguage 相匹配的儒略日期:
public double ToJulianDate(DateTime date) { return date.ToOADate(); }
The following function converts a date to Julian date that matches that of Tradestation Easylanguage:
public double ToJulianDate(DateTime date) { return date.ToOADate(); }
OADate 与儒略日期类似,但使用不同的起点(1899 年 12 月 30 日与公元前 4713 年 1 月 1 日)和不同的“新一天”点。 Julian Dates 认为中午是新一天的开始,OADates 使用现代定义“午夜”。
1899 年 12 月 30 日午夜的儒略日期是 2415018.5。此方法应该为您提供正确的值:
至于算法:
if (Month < 3) ...
:为了使幻数发挥作用,他们将二月放在“末尾” ” 今年。(153 * Month - 457) / 5
:哇,这真是一些神奇的数字。(int)(30.6 * Month - 91.4)
。 30.6 是每月的平均天数,不包括二月(准确地说是 30.63 重复)。 91.4 几乎是 3 个非 2 月份的平均天数。 (30.6 * 3 为 91.8)。365 * Year
:每年的天数(Year / 4) - (Year / 100) + (Year / 400)
:每 4 年加 1 个闰日,每 4 年减去 1 个闰日100,每 400 加一。+ 1721119
:这是儒略日期,公元前 1 年 3 月 2 日。由于我们将日历的“开始”从 1 月移至 3 月,因此我们使用它作为偏移量,而不是 1 月 1 日。由于没有零年,所以 1 BC 得到的整数值为 0。至于为什么是 3 月 2 日而不是 3 月 1 日,我猜那是因为整个月份的计算在最后仍然有点偏差。如果原始作者在浮点中使用- 462
而不是- 457
(- 92.4
而不是- 91.4
math),那么偏移量将是 3 月 1 日。OADate is similar to Julian Dates, but uses a different starting point (December 30, 1899 vs. January 1, 4713 BC), and a different 'new day' point. Julian Dates consider noon to be the beginning of a new day, OADates use the modern definition, midnight.
The Julian Date of midnight, December 30, 1899 is 2415018.5. This method should give you the proper values:
As for the algorithm:
if (Month < 3) ...
: To make the magic numbers work our right, they're putting February at the 'end' of the year.(153 * Month - 457) / 5
: Wow, that's some serious magic numbers.(int)(30.6 * Month - 91.4)
. 30.6 is the average number of days per month, excluding February (30.63 repeating, to be exact). 91.4 is almost the number of days in 3 average non-February months. (30.6 * 3 is 91.8).365 * Year
: Days per year(Year / 4) - (Year / 100) + (Year / 400)
: Plus one leap day every 4 years, minus one every 100, plus one every 400.+ 1721119
: This is the Julian Date of March 2nd, 1 BC. Since we moved the 'start' of the calendar from January to March, we use this as our offset, rather than January 1st. Since there is no year zero, 1 BC gets the integer value 0. As for why March 2nd instead of March 1st, I'm guessing that's because that whole month calculation was still a little off at the end. If the original writer had used- 462
instead of- 457
(- 92.4
instead of- 91.4
in floating point math), then the offset would have been to March 1st.虽然该方法
适用于现代日期,但它有明显的缺点。
儒略日期是为负日期定义的,即公元前(公元前)日期,在天文计算中很常见。您无法构造年份小于 0 的 DateTime 对象,因此无法使用上述方法计算 BCE 日期的儒略日期。
1582 年的公历改革在 10 月 4 日至 15 日之间在日历中留出了 11 天的空白。这些日期未在儒略历或公历中定义,但 DateTime 接受它们作为参数。此外,使用上述方法不会返回任何儒略日期的正确值。使用 System.Globalization.JulianCalendar.ToDateTime() 或将 JulianCalendar 纪元传递到 DateTime 构造函数的实验仍然会对 1582 年 10 月 5 日之前的所有日期产生不正确的结果。
以下例程改编自 Jean Meeus 的“天文算法” ,返回从 1 月 1 日中午 -4712(儒略历时间零)开始的所有日期的正确结果。如果传递了无效日期,它们还会抛出 ArgumentOutOfRangeException。
While the method
works for modern dates, it has significant shortcomings.
The Julian date is defined for negative dates - i.e, BCE (before common era) dates and is common in astronomical calculations. You cannot construct a DateTime object with the year less than 0, and so the Julian Date cannot be computed for BCE dates using the above method.
The Gregorian calendar reform of 1582 put an 11 day hole in the calendar between October 4th and the 15th. Those dates are not defined in either the Julian calendar or the Gregorian calendar, but DateTime accepts them as arguments. Furthermore, using the above method does not return the correct value for any Julian date. Experiments with using the System.Globalization.JulianCalendar.ToDateTime(), or passing the JulianCalendar era into the DateTime constructor still produce incorrect results for all dates prior to October 5, 1582.
The following routines, adapted from Jean Meeus' "Astronomical Algorithms", returns correct results for all dates starting from noon on January 1st, -4712, time zero on the Julian calendar. They also throw an ArgumentOutOfRangeException if an invalid date is passed.