向控制台输出添加文本修饰

Question

我有 ac# .net 3.5 应用程序，它使用 StreamWriter 将文本写入控制台。有没有办法向打印到控制台的文本添加下划线和删除线等文本装饰？可能使用 ANSI 转义序列？

TextWriter writer = new StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput());
writer.WriteLine("some underlined text");

谢谢， 保罗·H

Answer 1

在 Windows 10 内部版本 16257 及更高版本中：

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

class Program
{
    const int STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11;
    const uint ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING = 4;

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    static extern IntPtr GetStdHandle(int nStdHandle);

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
    static extern bool GetConsoleMode(IntPtr hConsoleHandle, out uint lpMode);

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
    static extern bool SetConsoleMode(IntPtr hConsoleHandle, uint dwMode);

    static void Main()
    {
        var handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
        uint mode;
        GetConsoleMode(handle, out mode);
        mode |= ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING;
        SetConsoleMode(handle, mode);

        const string UNDERLINE = "\x1B[4m";
        const string RESET = "\x1B[0m";
        Console.WriteLine("Some " + UNDERLINE + "underlined" + RESET + " text");
    }
}

Answer 2

我用这个代码。这是 Vladimir Reshetnikov 答案的固定版本，使用正确的转义码进行重置。

    private static void WriteUnderline(string s)
    {
        var handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
        uint mode;
        GetConsoleMode(handle, out mode);
        mode |= ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING;
        SetConsoleMode(handle, mode);
        Console.WriteLine($"\x1B[4m{s}\x1B[24m");
    }

这将执行带下划线的文本，并且具有不重置您设置的任何颜色的优点。

Answer 3

Windows 控制台不支持 ANSI 转义序列。据我所知，更改输出字符属性的唯一方法是在写入字符之前调用SetConsoleTextAttribute。或者，在 .NET 中，修改 Console.ForegroundColor 或 Console.BackgroundColor 属性。

可以通过类型转换将这些属性设置为自定义值（即不是由 ConsoleColor 定义的值）。但我不知道这对你有什么好处。

我不知道我在 Windows 控制台上见过带删除线的文本，而且我已经很多年没有看到下划线了。我想这是可能的，但我不知道它是如何做到的。

Answer 4

简短的回答，不；控制台不允许在输出中使用下划线字符。

更长的答案：控制台使用的屏幕缓冲区只不过是一个字节数组。每个光标位置都是一个字节或一个字符。要创建下划线，您需要两个字符重叠（这在控制台中是不可能的），或者您需要访问使用上部 128 个字符值作为下部 128 个字符值的下划线或删除线版本的代码页（我不知道一个）。

如果您愿意对带有下划线的行使用“双倍行距”，则可以解决此问题。字符代码 0x00AF（十进制 175）是一个“文本艺术”字符，表示字符空间顶部的边框。如果您在文本下方的行中使用这些内容，则会出现下划线。

Answer 5

我发现了这个问题，并想我应该使用 kernel32 函数添加到 Windows 10 之前的终端的答案中，

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace color_console
{
    class Class1
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Class1 c = new Class1();
            c.change();
        }

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
        public static extern bool SetConsoleTextAttribute(IntPtr hConsoleOutput, CharacterAttributes wAttributes);

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
        public static extern IntPtr GetStdHandle(int nStdHandle);

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
        public static extern bool GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(IntPtr hConsoleOutput,
                ref CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO lpConsoleScreenBufferInfo);


        void change()
        {
            const int STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11;
            IntPtr hOut;
            hOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);

            CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO ConsoleInfo = new CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO();
            GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hOut, ref ConsoleInfo);
            CharacterAttributes originalAttributes = (CharacterAttributes)ConsoleInfo.wAttributes;

            //write some text
            SetConsoleTextAttribute(hOut, CharacterAttributes.FOREGROUND_BLUE);
            Console.WriteLine("Blue text");

            SetConsoleTextAttribute(hOut, CharacterAttributes.BACKGROUND_RED);
            Console.WriteLine("Red background");

            SetConsoleTextAttribute(hOut, CharacterAttributes.BACKGROUND_GREEN);
            Console.WriteLine("Green background");

            SetConsoleTextAttribute(hOut, CharacterAttributes.BACKGROUND_GREEN | CharacterAttributes.BACKGROUND_RED);
            Console.WriteLine("Yellow background");

            SetConsoleTextAttribute(hOut, CharacterAttributes.FOREGROUND_RED | CharacterAttributes.COMMON_LVB_UNDERSCORE);
            Console.WriteLine("Red underlined text");

            SetConsoleTextAttribute(hOut, CharacterAttributes.FOREGROUND_RED
                                   | CharacterAttributes.FOREGROUND_BLUE);
            Console.WriteLine("Purple text");

            SetConsoleTextAttribute(hOut, CharacterAttributes.FOREGROUND_RED
                                    | CharacterAttributes.FOREGROUND_BLUE
                                    | CharacterAttributes.FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
            Console.WriteLine("Purple text intense");
           
            SetConsoleTextAttribute(hOut, CharacterAttributes.FOREGROUND_GREEN
                                    | CharacterAttributes.FOREGROUND_BLUE
                                    | CharacterAttributes.COMMON_LVB_REVERSE_VIDEO);
            Console.WriteLine("Aqua reversed text ");

            SetConsoleTextAttribute(hOut, CharacterAttributes.FOREGROUND_GREEN
                                    | CharacterAttributes.FOREGROUND_BLUE
                                    | CharacterAttributes.COMMON_LVB_REVERSE_VIDEO
                                    | CharacterAttributes.FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
            Console.WriteLine("Aqua reversed intense text ");

            SetConsoleTextAttribute(hOut, CharacterAttributes.COMMON_LVB_GRID_LVERTICAL
                                    | CharacterAttributes.FOREGROUND_GREEN);
            Console.WriteLine("What does this do");

            SetConsoleTextAttribute(hOut, originalAttributes);
            Console.WriteLine("Back to the shire");
        }

        public enum CharacterAttributes
        {
            FOREGROUND_BLUE =   0x0001,
            FOREGROUND_GREEN =  0x0002,
            FOREGROUND_RED =    0x0004,
            FOREGROUND_INTENSITY = 0x0008,
            BACKGROUND_BLUE = 0x0010,
            BACKGROUND_GREEN = 0x0020,
            BACKGROUND_RED = 0x0040,
            BACKGROUND_INTENSITY = 0x0080,
            COMMON_LVB_LEADING_BYTE = 0x0100,
            COMMON_LVB_TRAILING_BYTE = 0x0200,
            COMMON_LVB_GRID_HORIZONTAL = 0x0400,
            COMMON_LVB_GRID_LVERTICAL = 0x0800,
            COMMON_LVB_GRID_RVERTICAL = 0x1000,
            COMMON_LVB_REVERSE_VIDEO = 0x4000,
            COMMON_LVB_UNDERSCORE = 0x8000
        }

 

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        public struct CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO
        {
            public COORD dwSize;
            public COORD dwCursorPosition;
            public int wAttributes;
            public SMALL_RECT srWindow;
            public COORD dwMaximumWindowSize;
        }

 

        // Standard structures used for interop with kernel32
        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        public struct COORD
        {
            public short x;
            public short y;
        }

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        public struct SMALL_RECT

        {
            public short Left;
            public short Top;
            public short Right;
            public short Bottom;
        }
    }
}

在我的 PC 上输出

Answer 6

更改控制台的前景色/背景色非常容易： http://www.dotnetperls.com/console- color 但据我所知，例如，无法放置一些粗体文本。但我并没有真正尝试实现这一目标，所以我不确定。

Answer 7

对于未来的查看者来说，在更高的 .NET 版本中不再需要 API 调用。

.NET 4.8 中的以下内容按原样完美运行，无需 extern。

const string CLS ="\u001bc\x1b[3J";         //clear screen
const string RESET = "\x1B[0m";             //set format to default
const string BOLD = "\x1B[1m";              //bold text
const string DISABLED = "\x1B[2m";          //darkens, based on color
const string ITALICS = "\x1B[3m";           //italics text
const string UNDERLINE = "\x1B[4m";         //underline text
const string BLINK = "\x1B[5m";             //blinks from set color to darker set color.
const string INVERT = "\x1B[7m";            //inverts background with foreground.
const string STRIKE = "\x1B[9m";            //strikethrough the text
const string FGCOLOR = "\u001b[38;5;3m";    //38 - forground, 3m - yellow (256 color palette)
const string BGCOLOR = "\u001b[48;5;1m";    //48 - background, 1m - red (256 color palette)

Console.WriteLine($"{CLS}Demo: " +
                    $"{UNDERLINE}underlined{RESET}, " +
                    $"{FGCOLOR}{ITALICS}ITALICS{RESET}, " +
                    $"{FGCOLOR}{DISABLED}DISABLED{RESET}, " +
                    $"{BOLD}BOLD{RESET}, " +
                    $"{BLINK}BLINK{RESET}, " +
                    $"{FGCOLOR}FGCOLOR, " +
                    $"{INVERT}INVERT{RESET}, " +
                    $"{BGCOLOR}BGCOLOR, " +
                    $"{INVERT}INVERT{RESET}, " +
                    $"{STRIKE}STRIKE{RESET} " +
                    $"text.");