Perl:如何迭代符号表以查找 Foo::Bar 的所有加载子类?

发布于 2024-10-20 14:34:35 字数 933 浏览 8 评论 0原文

我有一个模块,它正在为其所属的包定义异常。异常是用Exception::Class::Nested声明的。

为了便于讨论,我们假设该模块名为 Foo::Bar::Exception,并且它定义的所有异常都是该模块的第一级子类(例如Foo::Bar::Exception:DoNotDoThat)。我关心的所有异常都在这个模块文件中定义;我对任何其他模块对我所做的任何额外子类化不感兴趣。

对于我的 import 方法,我想构建一个包含所有已定义异常的列表,并且我想通过以某种方式遍历符号表来实现这一点,而不是保留一个可以获取的硬编码列表与定义不同步,必须手动维护。

那么,Foo::Bar::Exception->import如何迭代Foo::Bar::Exception的符号表来查找所有异常(首先-级别子类)已在模块中声明?这只是我感兴趣的活动加载符号表;没有文件系统搜索等。

谢谢!

[附录]

由于我的所有异常子类名称都以 ExceptionError 结尾,这看起来越来越接近我想要的

my %symtable = eval("'%' . __PACKAGE__ . '::'");
my @shortnames = grep(m!(?:Error|Exception)::$!, keys(%symtable));
@shortnames = ( map { $_ =~ s/::$//; $_; } @shortnames );
my @longnames = ( map { __PACKAGE__ . '::' . $_ } @shortnames );

:括号是不必要的,但我添加它是为了清楚地了解数组上下文。

I have a module which is defining exceptions for the package of which it is a part. The exceptions are being declared with Exception::Class::Nested.

For purposes of discussion, let's say that this module is named Foo::Bar::Exception, and that all of the exceptions it defines are first-level subclasses of that (e.g., Foo::Bar::Exception:DoNotDoThat). All of the exceptions I care about are defined in this module file; I'm not interested in any additional subclassing any other module does of me.

For my import method, I want to construct a list of all the exceptions being defined, and I'd like to do it by traversing the symbol table somehow rather than keeping a hard-coded list that can get out of sync with the definitions and has to be manually maintained.

So, how can Foo::Bar::Exception->import iterate through Foo::Bar::Exception's symbol table to find all the exceptions (first-level subclasses) that have been declared in the module? It's just the active loaded symbol table I'm interested in; no filesystem searches or the like.

Thanks!

[addendum]

Since all of my exception subclass names end with Exception or Error, this looks like it's getting close to what I want:

my %symtable = eval("'%' . __PACKAGE__ . '::'");
my @shortnames = grep(m!(?:Error|Exception)::$!, keys(%symtable));
@shortnames = ( map { $_ =~ s/::$//; $_; } @shortnames );
my @longnames = ( map { __PACKAGE__ . '::' . $_ } @shortnames );

Some of the parenthesisation is unnecessary, but I added it for clarity about the array context.

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落花随流水 2024-10-27 14:34:35

Foo::Bar::Exception 的符号表是 %Foo::Bar::Exception::,所以你可以这样写:

sub import {
    for my $key (keys %Foo::Bar::Exception::) {
        if (my ($name) = $key =~ /(.+)::$/) {
           my $pkg = 'Foo::Bar::Exception::'.$name;
           no strict 'refs';
           *{caller()."::$name"} = sub () {$pkg};
        }
    }
}

The symbol table for Foo::Bar::Exception is %Foo::Bar::Exception::, so you could write:

sub import {
    for my $key (keys %Foo::Bar::Exception::) {
        if (my ($name) = $key =~ /(.+)::$/) {
           my $pkg = 'Foo::Bar::Exception::'.$name;
           no strict 'refs';
           *{caller()."::$name"} = sub () {$pkg};
        }
    }
}
执笔绘流年 2024-10-27 14:34:35
use MRO::Compat;
my @classes = @{ mro::get_isarev("Foo::Bar::Exception") };
@classes = grep $_->isa("Foo::Bar::Exception"), @classes;

MRO::Compat 启用 mro API 在 5.10 之前的 perls 上,否则不会有它(尽管 get_isarev在 5.10+ 上快得多),get_isarev 返回从指定类继承(直接或间接)的类,最终的 grep 是因为 get_isarev > 是一种启发式函数——它永远不会错过继承您指定的类,但面对运行时@ISA修改,它可能会报告实际上不再继承您的类的类。因此,->isa 检查可确保该类仍然存在并且仍然是一个子类。

编辑:刚刚注意到您只对命名空间下的包感兴趣,但我仍然认为使用 mro API 是查找它们的良好基础 - 只需添加还有 grep /^Foo::Bar::Exception::/ :)

use MRO::Compat;
my @classes = @{ mro::get_isarev("Foo::Bar::Exception") };
@classes = grep $_->isa("Foo::Bar::Exception"), @classes;

MRO::Compat enables the mro API on pre-5.10 perls that otherwise wouldn't have it (although get_isarev is much faster on 5.10+), get_isarev returns classes that inherit (directly or indirectly) from the named class, and the final grep is because get_isarev is a heuristic sort of function -- it will never miss a class that does inherit the one you specified, but in the face of runtime @ISA modification it might report a class that actually doesn't inherit your class anymore. So the ->isa check makes sure that the class is still there and still a subclass.

Edit: just noticed the part where you're only interested in packages that are under the namespace as well, but I still think that using the mro API is a good foundation for finding them -- just tack on a grep /^Foo::Bar::Exception::/ as well :)

层林尽染 2024-10-27 14:34:35

由于继承问题(显然是由 Exception::Class 或 Exception::Class::Nested 引入的),我选择了纯符号表路线。

长名称(例如Foo::Bar::Exception:DoNotDoThat)和短名称(DoNotDoThat)都是可导出的;默认情况下会导出长名称。 (不清楚这是否有必要,但似乎没有什么害处。)

如果短名被导出,这就会起作用:

my $caller = caller();
$caller ||= 'main';
my @snames = @{$EXPORT_TAGS{shortnames}};
for my $short (@snames) {
    my $exc = __PACKAGE__ . '::' . $short;
    no strict 'refs';
    *{"$caller\::$short"} = sub () { $exc };
}

这与@Eric的答案非常接近,但在我看到他的答案之前就得出了。

谢谢大家!

Due to the inheritance issues (apparently introduced by Exception::Class or Exception::Class::Nested), I've gone with the pure symbol-table route.

Both the longnames (e.g., Foo::Bar::Exception:DoNotDoThat) and the shortnames (DoNotDoThat) are exportable; the longnames are exported by default. (Unclear if that's necessary, but it seems to do no harm.)

If the shortnames are being exported, this does the trick:

my $caller = caller();
$caller ||= 'main';
my @snames = @{$EXPORT_TAGS{shortnames}};
for my $short (@snames) {
    my $exc = __PACKAGE__ . '::' . $short;
    no strict 'refs';
    *{"$caller\::$short"} = sub () { $exc };
}

which is quite close to @Eric's answer, but derived before I saw his.

Thanks, everyone!

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