Argparse - 如何指定默认子命令
我正在使用 Python 2.7 的 argparse 包为命令行工具编写一些选项解析逻辑。该工具应接受以下参数之一:
“ON”:打开功能。
“OFF”:关闭功能。
[未提供参数]:回显函数的当前状态。
查看 argparse 文档让我相信我想要定义两个(可能是三个)子命令,因为这三个状态是互斥的并且代表不同的概念活动。这是我目前对代码的尝试:
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()
parser.set_defaults(func=print_state) # I think this line is wrong.
parser_on = subparsers.add_parser('ON')
parser_on.set_defaults(func=set_state, newstate='ON')
parser_off = subparsers.add_parser('OFF')
parser_off.set_defaults(func=set_state, newstate='OFF')
args = parser.parse_args()
if(args.func == set_state):
set_state(args.newstate)
elif(args.func == print_state):
print_state()
else:
args.func() # Catchall in case I add more functions later
我的印象是,如果我提供 0 个参数,主解析器将设置 func=print_state
,如果我提供 1 个参数,主解析器将使用适当的子命令的默认值并调用func=set_state
。相反,我收到以下带有 0 个参数的错误:
usage: cvsSecure.py [-h] {ON,OFF} ...
cvsSecure.py: error: too few arguments
如果我提供“OFF”或“ON”,则调用 print_state
而不是 set_state
。如果我注释掉 parser.set_defaults
行,则可以正确调用 set_state
。
我是一名熟练工级别的程序员,但对 Python 来说还是个初学者。关于如何让它发挥作用有什么建议吗?
编辑:我查看子命令的另一个原因是我正在考虑将来使用的第四个函数:
“FORCE txtval”:将函数的状态设置为txtval
。
I am using the argparse package of Python 2.7 to write some option-parsing logic for a command-line tool. The tool should accept one of the following arguments:
"ON": Turn a function on.
"OFF": Turn a function off.
[No arguments provided]: Echo the current state of the function.
Looking at the argparse documentation led me to believe that I wanted two--possibly three--subcommands to be defined, since these three states are mutually exclusive and represent different conceptual activities. This is my current attempt at the code:
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()
parser.set_defaults(func=print_state) # I think this line is wrong.
parser_on = subparsers.add_parser('ON')
parser_on.set_defaults(func=set_state, newstate='ON')
parser_off = subparsers.add_parser('OFF')
parser_off.set_defaults(func=set_state, newstate='OFF')
args = parser.parse_args()
if(args.func == set_state):
set_state(args.newstate)
elif(args.func == print_state):
print_state()
else:
args.func() # Catchall in case I add more functions later
I was under the impression that if I provided 0 arguments, the main parser would set func=print_state
, and if I provided 1 argument, the main parser would use the appropriate subcommand's defaults and call func=set_state
. Instead, I get the following error with 0 arguments:
usage: cvsSecure.py [-h] {ON,OFF} ...
cvsSecure.py: error: too few arguments
And if I provide "OFF" or "ON", print_state
gets called instead of set_state
. If I comment out the parser.set_defaults
line, set_state
is called correctly.
I'm a journeyman-level programmer, but a rank beginner to Python. Any suggestions about how I can get this working?
Edit: Another reason I was looking at subcommands was a potential fourth function that I am considering for the future:
"FORCE txtval": Set the function's state to txtval
.
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顶级解析器的默认值会覆盖子解析器的默认值,因此在子解析器上设置
func
的默认值会被忽略,但newstate
的值会被忽略> 来自子解析器默认值是正确的。我认为您不想使用子命令。当可用选项和位置参数根据所选子命令而变化时,将使用子命令。但是,您没有其他选项或位置参数。
以下代码似乎可以满足您的要求:
请注意
parser.add_argument
的可选参数。 “choices”参数指定允许的选项,同时将“nargs”设置为“?”指定应使用 1 个参数(如果可用),否则不应使用任何参数。编辑:如果您想添加带有参数的 FORCE 命令,并为 ON 和 OFF 命令提供单独的帮助文本,那么您确实需要使用子命令。不幸的是,似乎没有办法指定默认子命令。但是,您可以通过检查空参数列表并提供您自己的参数列表来解决该问题。这是一些示例代码,说明了我的意思:
The defaults of the top-level parser override the defaults on the sub-parsers, so setting the default value of
func
on the sub-parsers is ignored, but the value ofnewstate
from the sub-parser defaults is correct.I don't think you want to use subcommands. Subcommands are used when the available options and positional arguments change depending on which subcommand is chosen. However, you have no other options or positional arguments.
The following code seems to do what you require:
Note the optional parameters to
parser.add_argument
. The "choices" parameter specifies the allowable options, while setting "nargs" to "?" specifies that 1 argument should be consumed if available, otherwise none should be consumed.Edit: If you want to add a FORCE command with an argument and have separate help text for the ON and OFF command then you do need to use subcommands. Unfortunately there doesn't seem to be a way of specifying a default subcommand. However, you can work around the problem by checking for an empty argument list and supplying your own. Here's some sample code illustrating what I mean:
您的方法有两个问题。
首先,您可能已经注意到
newstate
不是子解析器的某个 sub_value,需要在args
的顶层作为args.newstate
进行处理>。这应该可以解释为newstate
分配默认值两次将导致第一个值被覆盖。无论您使用“ON”还是“OFF”作为参数调用程序,每次set_state()
都会以OFF
进行调用。如果您只想能够执行 python cvsSecure ON 和python cvsSecure OFF
以下内容可以工作:第二个问题是
argparse
确实将子解析器作为单值参数处理,因此您必须在调用parser.parse_args 之前指定一个()
。您可以通过添加额外的子解析器“PRINT”并自动插入来自动插入缺少的参数使用
set_default_subparser
添加到argparse.ArgumentParser()
(该代码是包 ruamel.std.argparse
您不需要在
args< 中处理/code> 到
do_on()
等,但如果您开始为不同的子解析器指定选项,它就会派上用场。There are two problems with your approach.
First you probably already noticed that
newstate
is not some sub_value of the sub parser and needs to be addressed at the top level ofargs
asargs.newstate
. That should explain that assigning a default tonewstate
twice will result in the first value being overwritten. Whether you call your programm with 'ON' or 'OFF' as a parameter, each timeset_state()
will be called withOFF
. If you just want to be able to dopython cvsSecure ON
andpython cvsSecure OFF
the following would work:The second problem is that
argparse
does handle subparsers as single value arguments, so you have to specify one before invokingparser.parse_args()
. You can automate insertion of a lacking argument by adding a extra subparser 'PRINT' and automatically insertingthat using
set_default_subparser
added toargparse.ArgumentParser()
(that code is partof the package ruamel.std.argparse
You don't need to handle in
args
todo_on()
, etc., but it comes in handy if you start specifying options to the different subparsers.