IEnumerable的扩展方法?
我有一堆不同的枚举,例如...
public enum MyEnum
{
[Description("Army of One")]
one,
[Description("Dynamic Duo")]
two,
[Description("Three Amigo's")]
three,
[Description("Fantastic Four")]
four,
[Description("The Jackson Five")]
five
}
我为任何枚举编写了一个扩展方法,以获取描述属性(如果有)。足够简单吧...
public static string GetDescription(this Enum currentEnum)
{
var fi = currentEnum.GetType().GetField(currentEnum.ToString());
var da = (DescriptionAttribute)Attribute.GetCustomAttribute(fi, typeof(DescriptionAttribute));
return da != null ? da.Description : currentEnum.ToString();
}
我可以非常简单地使用它,它的工作原理就像一个魅力,按预期返回描述或 ToString() 。
但这是问题所在。我希望能够在 MyEnum、YourEnum 或 SomeElsesEnum 的 IEnumerable 上调用此函数。所以我同样简单地编写了以下扩展。
public static IEnumerable<string> GetDescriptions(this IEnumerable<Enum> enumCollection)
{
return enumCollection.ToList().ConvertAll(a => a.GetDescription());
}
这是行不通的。它作为一种方法编译得很好,但使用它会出现以下错误:
Instance argument: cannot convert from 'System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<MyEnum>' to System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.Enum>'
那么这是为什么呢? 我能完成这个工作吗?
我目前找到的唯一答案是为泛型 T 编写扩展方法,如下所示:
public static IEnumerable<string> GetDescriptions<T>(this List<T> myEnumList) where T : struct, IConvertible
public static string GetDescription<T>(this T currentEnum) where T : struct, IConvertible
必须有人对此有更好的答案,或者解释为什么我可以扩展 Enum 但不能扩展 Enum 的 IEnumerable ... 有人吗?
I have a bunch of different enums, such as...
public enum MyEnum
{
[Description("Army of One")]
one,
[Description("Dynamic Duo")]
two,
[Description("Three Amigo's")]
three,
[Description("Fantastic Four")]
four,
[Description("The Jackson Five")]
five
}
I wrote an extension method for any Enum to get the Description attribute if it has one. Simple enough right...
public static string GetDescription(this Enum currentEnum)
{
var fi = currentEnum.GetType().GetField(currentEnum.ToString());
var da = (DescriptionAttribute)Attribute.GetCustomAttribute(fi, typeof(DescriptionAttribute));
return da != null ? da.Description : currentEnum.ToString();
}
I can use this very simply and it works like a charm, returning the description or ToString() as expected.
Here is the problem though. I would like to have the ability to call this on an IEnumerable of MyEnum, YourEnum, or SomeoneElsesEnum. So I wrote the following extension just as simply.
public static IEnumerable<string> GetDescriptions(this IEnumerable<Enum> enumCollection)
{
return enumCollection.ToList().ConvertAll(a => a.GetDescription());
}
This doesn't work. It compiles fine as a method, but using it gives the following error:
Instance argument: cannot convert from 'System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<MyEnum>' to System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.Enum>'
So why is this?
Can I make this work?
The only answer I have found at this point is to write extension methods for generic T as follows:
public static IEnumerable<string> GetDescriptions<T>(this List<T> myEnumList) where T : struct, IConvertible
public static string GetDescription<T>(this T currentEnum) where T : struct, IConvertible
Someone must have a better answer for this, or an explanation of why I can extend an Enum but not an IEnumerable of Enum...
Anyone?
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.NET 泛型协方差仅适用于引用类型。这里,
MyEnum
是值类型,System.Enum
是引用类型(从枚举类型到System.Enum
的转换是装箱)手术)。因此,
IEnumerable
不是IEnumerable
,因为这会将每个枚举项的表示从值类型更改为引用类型;只允许保留表示形式的转换。您需要使用您发布的通用方法技巧才能使其发挥作用。.NET generic covariance only works for reference types. Here,
MyEnum
is a value type, andSystem.Enum
is a reference type (casting from an enum type toSystem.Enum
is a boxing operation).So, an
IEnumerable<MyEnum>
is not anIEnumerable<Enum>
, as that would change the representation of each enumerated item from a value type to a reference type; only representation-preserving conversions are allowed. You need to use the generic method trick you've posted to get this to work.从 v4 开始,C# 支持通用接口和委托的协变和逆变。但不幸的是,这些 *-变体仅适用于引用类型,不适用于值类型,例如枚举。
Starting from v4 C# supports co-variance and contra-variance for generic interfaces and delegates. But unfortunately, these *-variances work only for reference types, it doesn't work for value types, such as enums.