使用 C++ 解决状态模式中的循环依赖问题
我正在尝试在 C++ 中实现状态模式,但存在循环依赖问题。我在这里阅读了其他相关材料 - 不幸的是它对我没有帮助。我对 C++ 没有太多经验,所以请耐心等待。 以下代码是在 Ubuntu 10.10 机器上的 Eclipse Helios CDT 中开发的:
ConcreteSystem.h
#ifndef CONCRETESYSTEM_H_
#define CONCRETESYSTEM_H_
class SystemState;
class ConcreteSystem {
public:
ConcreteSystem();
void SelfTestFailed();
void Restart();
private:
friend class SystemState;
SystemState *currentState;
void ChangeState(SystemState *state);
};
#endif /* CONCRETESYSTEM_H_ */
ConcreteSystem.cpp
#include "ConcreteSystem.h"
#include "SystemState.h"
ConcreteSystem::ConcreteSystem() {
currentState = SelfTest::GetInstance();
}
void ConcreteSystem::SelfTestFailed() {
currentState->SelfTestFailed(this);
}
void ConcreteSystem::Restart() {
currentState->Restart(this);
}
void ConcreteSystem::ChangeState(SystemState *state){
currentState = state;
}
SystemState.h
#ifndef SYSTEMSTATE_H_
#define SYSTEMSTATE_H_
class ConcreteSystem;
class SystemState {
public:
virtual void Restart(ConcreteSystem *cs);
virtual void SelfTestFailed(ConcreteSystem *cs);
protected:
virtual void ChangeState(ConcreteSystem *cs, SystemState *state);
};
#endif /* SYSTEMSTATE_H_ */
SystemState。 cpp
#include "SystemState.h"
#include "ConcreteSystem.h"
void SystemState::Restart(ConcreteSystem *cs) {
}
void SystemState::SelfTestFailed(ConcreteSystem *cs) {
}
void SystemState::ChangeState(ConcreteSystem *cs, SystemState *state) {
cs->ChangeState(state);
}
SelfTest.h
#ifndef SELFTEST_H_
#define SELFTEST_H_
#include "SystemState.h"
class SelfTest : public SystemState {
public:
SelfTest();
void SelfTestFailed(ConcreteSystem* cs);
static SystemState* GetInstance();
private:
static SystemState* instance;
};
#endif /* SELFTEST_H_ */
SelfTest.cpp
#include "SelfTest.h"
#include "Failure.h"
SystemState* SelfTest::instance = 0;
SelfTest::SelfTest() {
}
void SelfTest::SelfTestFailed(ConcreteSystem *cs) {
ChangeState(cs, Failure::GetInstance());
}
SystemState* SelfTest::GetInstance() {
if (instance == 0) {
instance = new SelfTest();
}
return instance;
}
Failure.h
#ifndef FAILURE_H_
#define FAILURE_H_
#include "SystemState.h"
class SelfTest;
class Failure : public SystemState {
public:
Failure();
void Restart(ConcreteSystem* t);
static SystemState* GetInstance();
private:
static SystemState* instance;
};
#endif /* FAILURE_H_ */
Failure.cpp
#include "Failure.h"
#include "SelfTest.h"
SystemState* Failure::instance = 0;
Failure::Failure() {
}
void Failure::Restart(ConcreteSystem* t) {
ChangeState(t, SelfTest::GetInstance());
}
SystemState* Failure::GetInstance() {
if (instance == 0) {
instance = new Failure();
}
return instance;
}
我有问题包括,这给了我一些奇怪的编译器错误。有谁有好的办法解决这个问题吗?
I'm trying to implement a State Pattern in C++, but have problems with the circular dependency. I have read other related material here - unfortunately it didn't help me. I don't have a lot of experience with C++, so bear with me.
The following code is developed on a Ubuntu 10.10 machine in Eclipse Helios CDT:
ConcreteSystem.h
#ifndef CONCRETESYSTEM_H_
#define CONCRETESYSTEM_H_
class SystemState;
class ConcreteSystem {
public:
ConcreteSystem();
void SelfTestFailed();
void Restart();
private:
friend class SystemState;
SystemState *currentState;
void ChangeState(SystemState *state);
};
#endif /* CONCRETESYSTEM_H_ */
ConcreteSystem.cpp
#include "ConcreteSystem.h"
#include "SystemState.h"
ConcreteSystem::ConcreteSystem() {
currentState = SelfTest::GetInstance();
}
void ConcreteSystem::SelfTestFailed() {
currentState->SelfTestFailed(this);
}
void ConcreteSystem::Restart() {
currentState->Restart(this);
}
void ConcreteSystem::ChangeState(SystemState *state){
currentState = state;
}
SystemState.h
#ifndef SYSTEMSTATE_H_
#define SYSTEMSTATE_H_
class ConcreteSystem;
class SystemState {
public:
virtual void Restart(ConcreteSystem *cs);
virtual void SelfTestFailed(ConcreteSystem *cs);
protected:
virtual void ChangeState(ConcreteSystem *cs, SystemState *state);
};
#endif /* SYSTEMSTATE_H_ */
SystemState.cpp
#include "SystemState.h"
#include "ConcreteSystem.h"
void SystemState::Restart(ConcreteSystem *cs) {
}
void SystemState::SelfTestFailed(ConcreteSystem *cs) {
}
void SystemState::ChangeState(ConcreteSystem *cs, SystemState *state) {
cs->ChangeState(state);
}
SelfTest.h
#ifndef SELFTEST_H_
#define SELFTEST_H_
#include "SystemState.h"
class SelfTest : public SystemState {
public:
SelfTest();
void SelfTestFailed(ConcreteSystem* cs);
static SystemState* GetInstance();
private:
static SystemState* instance;
};
#endif /* SELFTEST_H_ */
SelfTest.cpp
#include "SelfTest.h"
#include "Failure.h"
SystemState* SelfTest::instance = 0;
SelfTest::SelfTest() {
}
void SelfTest::SelfTestFailed(ConcreteSystem *cs) {
ChangeState(cs, Failure::GetInstance());
}
SystemState* SelfTest::GetInstance() {
if (instance == 0) {
instance = new SelfTest();
}
return instance;
}
Failure.h
#ifndef FAILURE_H_
#define FAILURE_H_
#include "SystemState.h"
class SelfTest;
class Failure : public SystemState {
public:
Failure();
void Restart(ConcreteSystem* t);
static SystemState* GetInstance();
private:
static SystemState* instance;
};
#endif /* FAILURE_H_ */
Failure.cpp
#include "Failure.h"
#include "SelfTest.h"
SystemState* Failure::instance = 0;
Failure::Failure() {
}
void Failure::Restart(ConcreteSystem* t) {
ChangeState(t, SelfTest::GetInstance());
}
SystemState* Failure::GetInstance() {
if (instance == 0) {
instance = new Failure();
}
return instance;
}
I have problem with the includes, which gives me some weird compiler errors. Anyone with a good solution to this problem?
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从您发布的代码来看,您将重新定义类。查看
Failure.cpp
文件,您可以看到:其中将包含这两个文件,并且每个文件都包含
SystemState.h
文件。由于 SystemState.h 文件被多次包含,因此它会尝试重新定义 SystemState 类。在每个头文件的顶部,您应该执行以下操作:作为设计的旁白,我认为各州相互了解是一种不好的形式 - 使用您的
ConcreteSystem
作为状态控制器,然后将状态基于最后一个状态操作的返回值。另外,如果您对 C++ 相对缺乏经验,我建议您查看这是学习材料的重要来源(当然,除了 StackOverflow!)。
From the looks of the code you've posted, you'll have classes being redefined. Looking at your
Failure.cpp
file, you have:Which will include both of those files, and each of those files include the
SystemState.h
file. Since theSystemState.h
file is included more than once, it tries to redefine theSystemState
class. At the top of each of your header files, you should do something like this:As an aside on the design, I think it's bad form for the states to know about each other - use your
ConcreteSystem
as a state controller and then base the state on the return value of the last state operation.Also, if you're relatively inexperienced with C++, I would recommend looking at this as a great source of learning material (in addition to StackOverflow, of course!).