已使用内存，但我看不到使用它的进程（Debian）
这是我的问题：
top - 11:32:47 up 22:20, 2 users, load average: 0.03, 0.72, 1.27
Tasks: 112 total, 1 running, 110 sleeping, 1 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 8193844k total, 7508292k used, 685552k free, 80636k buffers
Swap: 2102456k total, 15472k used, 2086984k free, 7070220k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
28555 root 20 0 57424 38m 1492 S 0 0.5 0:06.38 bash
28900 root 20 0 39488 7732 3176 T 0 0.1 0:03.12 python
28553 root 20 0 72132 5052 2600 S 0 0.1 0:00.22 sshd
28859 root 20 0 70588 3424 2584 S 0 0.0 0:00.06 sshd
29404 root 20 0 70448 3320 2600 S 0 0.0 0:00.06 sshd
28863 root 20 0 42624 2188 1472 S 0 0.0 0:00.02 sftp-server
29406 root 20 0 19176 1984 1424 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 bash
2854 root 20 0 115m 1760 488 S 0 0.0 5:37.02 rsyslogd
29410 root 20 0 19064 1400 1016 R 0 0.0 0:05.14 top
3111 ntp 20 0 22484 604 460 S 0 0.0 10:26.79 ntpd
3134 proftpd 20 0 64344 452 280 S 0 0.0 6:29.16 proftpd
2892 root 20 0 49168 356 232 S 0 0.0 0:31.58 sshd
1 root 20 0 27388 284 132 S 0 0.0 0:01.38 init
3121 root 20 0 4308 248 172 S 0 0.0 0:16.48 mdadm
如您所见，使用了 7.5 GB 内存，但没有进程使用它。 这是怎么回事，如何解决这个问题？
感谢您的回答。
Here is my problem:
top - 11:32:47 up 22:20, 2 users, load average: 0.03, 0.72, 1.27
Tasks: 112 total, 1 running, 110 sleeping, 1 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 8193844k total, 7508292k used, 685552k free, 80636k buffers
Swap: 2102456k total, 15472k used, 2086984k free, 7070220k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
28555 root 20 0 57424 38m 1492 S 0 0.5 0:06.38 bash
28900 root 20 0 39488 7732 3176 T 0 0.1 0:03.12 python
28553 root 20 0 72132 5052 2600 S 0 0.1 0:00.22 sshd
28859 root 20 0 70588 3424 2584 S 0 0.0 0:00.06 sshd
29404 root 20 0 70448 3320 2600 S 0 0.0 0:00.06 sshd
28863 root 20 0 42624 2188 1472 S 0 0.0 0:00.02 sftp-server
29406 root 20 0 19176 1984 1424 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 bash
2854 root 20 0 115m 1760 488 S 0 0.0 5:37.02 rsyslogd
29410 root 20 0 19064 1400 1016 R 0 0.0 0:05.14 top
3111 ntp 20 0 22484 604 460 S 0 0.0 10:26.79 ntpd
3134 proftpd 20 0 64344 452 280 S 0 0.0 6:29.16 proftpd
2892 root 20 0 49168 356 232 S 0 0.0 0:31.58 sshd
1 root 20 0 27388 284 132 S 0 0.0 0:01.38 init
3121 root 20 0 4308 248 172 S 0 0.0 0:16.48 mdadm
As you can see 7.5 GB of memory is used, but there is no process that use it.
How it can be, and how to fix this?
Thanks for answer.
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查看缓存的值。没有操作系统会因为不使用内存而浪费内存。如果您的进程不需要更多，操作系统将使用它进行内部缓存，例如磁盘访问。
Look at the cached value. No OS is wasting memory by simply not using it. If your processes not demanding more, the OS is using it for internal caching of e.g. disk access.
为了查看所有进程，您可以使用该命令：
然后尝试使用不同的过滤器进行排序
希望有帮助。
如果您的系统开始使用交换文件 - 那么您的内存负载很高。取决于文件系统，您使用的程序 - Linux 系统可能会分配您的所有系统内存 - 但这并不意味着它们正在使用它。
我们使用的许多 ubuntu 和 debian 服务器都有 32 或 64 mb 的可用内存，但不使用交换区。
不过，我不是 Linux 专家，所以如果我错了，请有人纠正我:)
in order to see all process you can use that command:
and then try to sort with different filters
Hope that helps.
If your system starts using the swap file - then you have high memory load. Depends on the file system, programs that you use - linux system may allocate all of your system memory - but that doesn't mean that they are using it.
Lots of ubuntu and debian servers that we use have free memory 32 or 64 mb but don't use swap.
I'm not Linux-gure however, so please someone to correct me if I'm wrong :)
我没有方便进行实验的 Linux 机器，但看起来您可以使用交互式命令对 top 的输出进行排序，这样您就可以将最大的内存用户带到顶部。检查手册页并进行实验。
更新：在我拥有的top版本（procps 3.2.7）中，你可以点击“<”和“>”更改其排序依据的字段。实际上并没有说明它是什么字段，你必须看看显示是如何变化的。一旦你尝试一下，就不难了。
然而，Arrowmaster 的观点（它可能用于缓存）是一个更好的答案。使用“免费”来查看使用了多少。
I don't have a Linux box handy to experiment, but it looks like you can sort top's output with interactive commands, so you could bring the biggest memory users to the top. Check the man page and experiment.
Update: In the version of top I have (procps 3.2.7), you can hit "<" and ">" to change the field it's sorting by. Doesn't actually say what field it is, you have to look at how the display is changing. It's not hard once you experiment a little.
However, Arrowmaster's point (that it's probably being used for cache) is a better answer. Use "free" to see how much is being used.
我有类似的问题。我在连接了 TP-Link USB 无线 LAN 棒的 Pi B+ 上运行 Raspbian。该棒引起了一个问题，导致系统启动时几乎所有内存都被消耗（大约 445 MB 中的 430 MB）。就像您的情况一样，正在运行的进程没有消耗那么多内存。当我取下棒并重新启动时，一切都很好，仅消耗了 50 MB 内存。
I had a similar problem. I was running Raspbian on a Pi B+ with a TP-Link USB Wireless LAN stick connected. The stick caused a problem which resulted in nearly all memory being consumed on system start (around 430 of 445 MB). Just like in your case, the running processes did not consume that much memory. When I removed the stick and rebooted everything was fine, just 50 MB memory consumption.