我应该为此使用 NSViewController 吗？

发布于 2024-10-19 18:29:31 字数 234 浏览 3 评论 0原文

我希望我的应用程序有一个文档，但有多个屏幕，而不需要求助于多个窗口。实现这一目标的最佳方法是什么？我正在考虑使用一个 NSPersistentDocument ，它将从显示一组控件的 NSViewController 开始，然后将该视图交换为另一个 NSViewController 。

我的问题是：这是 NSViewControllers 的正确用法吗？还可以做到吗？如果两者的答案都是肯定的，我如何在文档中将一个视图交换为另一个视图？

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多像笑话 2024-10-26 18:29:31

是的，这是完全可以做到的。是的，您应该使用视图控制器，但不是必须的。这严格来说是一种风格选择。如果您不使用视图控制器，那么所有控制器逻辑可能都在您的单个窗口控制器中。对于大型应用程序来说，这可能会很痛苦。视图控制器可帮助您将 UI 分解为逻辑组件和控制单元。

您可以像这样执行视图控制器方法：

为每个组件视图创建单独的 xib。
对于每个 xib，创建一个加载、拥有和控制它的视图控制器子类。
您可以更进一步，为视图中的单独区域设置子视图控制器。
在窗口控制器的 awakeFromNib 类中，实例化所有顶级视图控制器。

现在您已经获得了具有多个顶级视图控制器的应用程序的基本框架。从这里开始，任务是根据需要或用户输入的指示在主窗口中排列视图。有时您可能有 3-4 个顶级视图，有时有 1 个，在您的情况下，您只想将一个视图替换为另一个视图。这些场景之间没有太大区别。

有很多方法可以实现这一目标。

对于您的具体情况，一种简单的方法是：

使用顶级表格和无边框选项卡视图并以编程方式设置选定的选项卡。

一般来说，您可以做很多事情：

在主窗口的内容视图中手动排列子视图。
根据需要将子视图移入/移出或移入可视区域（设置动画）。
使用主窗口中的分割视图来折叠和展开您想要或不想要显示的区域。

顺便说一句，无论您是否正在创建基于文档的应用程序，也无论它是基于单窗口还是多窗口文档的应用程序，此方法都有效。

使用视图控制器的一个缺点是许多顶级视图布局和管理必须以编程方式完成，而不是在 IB 中完成。但这并不那么困难。

通常你只需要执行 addSubview: 和 setFrame: ，将你的视图放置在你已经在 IB 中布局的父视图中。

但要做更复杂和手动的事情，您应该阅读文档并了解以下工作原理：框架/边界、翻转坐标、自动调整大小以及如何覆盖自动调整大小以执行您自己的布局。

查看Cocoa编程指南简介

Yes, it's completely possible to do. Yes, you should use view controllers but you don't have to. That's strictly a stylistic choice. If you don't use a view controller then all the controller logic would likely be in your single window controller. That might get painful for a big app. View controllers help you break down your UI into logical components and control units.

You'd go about doing the view controller method like this:

Create separate xibs for each of your component views.
For each xib, create a view controller subclass that loads, owns, and controls it.
You could go further with this and have sub view controllers for separate areas within views.
In your awakeFromNib class of your window controller, instantiate all your top-level view controllers.

Now you've got the basic framework for an app with multiple top-level view controllers. From here the task is to arrange the views in the main window as you need them or as user input dictates. Sometimes you might have 3-4 top-level views sometimes 1, and in your case you just want to swap out one for the another. There is no huge difference between these scenarios.

There are many ways to achieve this.

For your specific case, an easy way to go about it is:

Use a top-level tabless and borderless tab view and set the selected tab programmatically.

In general you can do a bunch of things:

Manually arrange the sub views in the main window's content view.
Move (animate) sub views in/out or within the viewable area as needed.
Use split views in the main window to collapse and uncollapse areas that you want or don't want showing.

BTW this method works regardless of whether you are creating a document-based app or not or whether it is a single-window or multi-window document based app.

The one downside to using view controllers is a lot of the top-level view layout and management has to be done programmatically and not in IB. But it's not that difficult.

Usually you just need to do a addSubview: and setFrame:, to place your views in a parent view you already laid out in IB.

But to do more complicated and manual stuff you should read up on the docs and get to know how the following work: frame/bounds, flipped coordinates, autoresizing, and how to override autoresizing to do your own layouts.