检测是否在 WPF 和 Winforms 中的 UI 线程上
我在下面编写了一个断言方法 Ensure.CurrentlyOnUiThread(),用于检查当前线程是否为 UI 线程。
- 这对于检测 Winforms UI 线程可靠吗?
- 我们的应用程序混合了 WPF 和 Winforms,如何最好地检测有效的 WPF UI 线程?
- 有更好的方法吗?也许代码合同?
Ensure.cs
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Windows.Forms;
public static class Ensure
{
[Conditional("DEBUG")]
public static void CurrentlyOnUiThread()
{
if (!Application.MessageLoop)
{
throw new ThreadStateException("Assertion failed: not on the UI thread");
}
}
}
I've written an assertion method Ensure.CurrentlyOnUiThread(), below, that checks that the current thread is a UI thread.
- Is this going to be reliable in detecting the Winforms UI thread?
- Our app is mixed WPF and Winforms, how best to detect a valid WPF UI thread?
- Is there a better way to do this? Perhaps code contracts?
Ensure.cs
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Windows.Forms;
public static class Ensure
{
[Conditional("DEBUG")]
public static void CurrentlyOnUiThread()
{
if (!Application.MessageLoop)
{
throw new ThreadStateException("Assertion failed: not on the UI thread");
}
}
}
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不要使用
Dispatcher.CurrentDispatcher,如果当前线程没有调度程序,则会创建并返回与当前线程关联的新 Dispatcher。
相反,这样做
要确保您拥有正确的调度程序或位于正确的线程上,您有以下选项
CheckAccess()
和VerifyAccess()
不会显示在智能感知中。另外,如果你不得不诉诸这些东西,很可能是由于糟糕的设计。您应该知道哪些线程运行程序中的哪些代码。
Don't use
Dispatcher.CurrentDispatcher
will, if the current thread do not have a dispatcher, create and return a newDispatcher
associated with the current thread.Instead do like this
To be sure you have the correct dispatcher or are on the correct thread you have the following options
CheckAccess()
andVerifyAccess()
do not show up in intellisense.Also, if you have to resort to these kinds of things its likely due to bad design. You should know which threads run what code in your program.
对于 WPF,我使用以下内容:
关键是不检查
Dispatcher.CurrentDispatcher
(这将为您提供当前线程的调度程序),您需要检查当前线程是否与当前线程的调度程序匹配应用程序或其他控件。For WPF, I use the following:
The key is instead of checking
Dispatcher.CurrentDispatcher
(which will give you the dispatcher for the current thread), you need to check if the current thread matches the dispatcher of the application or another control.在 WinForms 中,您通常会使用
WPF,
我可能会编写一个小方法,使用通用约束来确定您应该调用其中的哪一个。例如
Within WinForms you would normally use
for WPF
I would probably write a little method that uses a Generic constraint to determine which of these you should be calling. e.g.
对于 WPF:
对于 WinForms:
For WPF:
For WinForms:
也许
Control.InvokeRequired
(WinForms) 和Dispatcher.CheckAccess
(WPF) 适合您?Maybe
Control.InvokeRequired
(WinForms) andDispatcher.CheckAccess
(WPF) are OK for you?您正在将 UI 知识融入您的逻辑中。这不是一个好的设计。
您的 UI 层应该处理线程,因为确保 UI 线程不被滥用属于 UI 的权限范围。
这还允许您使用 IsInvokeRequired在 winforms 和 Dispatcher.Invoke 中WPF...并允许您在同步和异步 asp.net 请求中使用代码...
我在实践中发现,尝试在应用程序逻辑中的较低级别处理线程通常会增加许多不必要的复杂性。事实上,实际上整个框架都是在承认这一点的情况下编写的——框架中几乎没有什么是线程安全的。确保线程安全由调用者(更高级别)决定。
You're pushing knowledge of your UI down into your logic. This is not a good design.
Your UI layer should be handling threading, as ensuring the UI thread isn't abused is within the purview of the UI.
This also allows you to use IsInvokeRequired in winforms and Dispatcher.Invoke in WPF... and allows you to use your code within synchronous and asynchronous asp.net requests as well...
I've found in practice that trying to handle threading at a lower level within your application logic often adds lots of unneeded complexity. In fact, practically the entire framework is written with this point conceded--almost nothing in the framework is thread safe. Its up to callers (at a higher level) to ensure thread safety.
下面是我在 WPF 中使用的一段代码,用于捕获从非 UI 线程修改 UI 属性(实现 INotifyPropertyChanged)的尝试:
Here is a snippet of code I use in WPF to catch attempts to modify UI Properties (that implement INotifyPropertyChanged) from a non-UI thread:
对于 WPF:
我需要知道我的线程上的 Dispatcher 是否实际启动。因为如果您在线程上创建任何 WPF 类,则接受的答案将表明调度程序在那里,即使您从未执行过 Dispatcher.Run() 。我最终有了一些反思:
For WPF:
I've needed to know is Dispatcher on my thread is actually started, or not. Because if you create any WPF class on the thread, the accepted answer will state that the dispatcher is there, even if you never do the
Dispatcher.Run()
. I've ended up with some reflection:您可以像这样比较线程 ID:
You can compare thread ids like this :
使用 MVVM 实际上相当简单。我所做的就是将类似以下内容放入 ViewModelBase...
或者...
然后当特定 ViewModel 需要触摸任何“可观察”的内容时,您可以检查上下文并做出相应反应...
或者在中执行其他操作返回上下文之前的背景...
通常,如果您以有序的方式遵循 MVVM(或任何其他架构),则很容易知道 UI 同步的责任将位于何处。但基本上您可以在任何地方执行此操作以返回到创建对象的上下文。我相信在一个大型复杂的系统中创建一个“警卫”来干净一致地处理这个问题是很容易的。
我认为说你唯一的责任是回到你自己最初的背景是有道理的。客户有责任这样做。
Using MVVM it is actually fairly easy. What I do is put something like the following in, say, ViewModelBase...
or...
Then when a particular ViewModel needs to touch anything "observable", you can check the context and react accordingly...
or do something else in the background before returning to context ...
Normally, if you follow MVVM (or any other architecture) in an orderly fashion, it is easy to tell where the responsibility for UI synchronization will be situated. But you can basically do this anywhere to return to the context where your objects are created. I'm sure it would be easy to create a "Guard" to handle this cleanly and consistently in a large and complex system.
I think it makes sense to say that your only responsibility is to get back to your own original context. It is a client's responsibility to do the same.
对于 WPF:
这是基于最佳答案的片段,使用委托意味着它非常通用。
第二种方法允许类型更安全的返回类型。
我还添加了一些重载,这些重载会自动采用代码中的
Func
和Action
参数,例如:
Func
和Action
继承自Delegate
,因此我们可以直接转换它。您还可以添加自己的通用重载来执行操作,我没有费心创建一堆重载,但您绝对可以,例如;
FOR WPF:
Here's a snippet based on the top answer, using a delegate meaning it is very generic.
The second method allows for a more type safe return type.
I've also added some overloads that automatically take the
Func
andAction
parameters in my code, e.g:Note; the
Func
andAction
inherit fromDelegate
so we can just cast it.You could also add your own generic overloads that take actions, i did not bother creating a bunch of overloads but you definitely could e.g;
是检查这个的更好方法
Is a better way to check this