示例:使用 AsyncTask 的 Android 双向网络套接字
我发现的大多数 Android 网络套接字示例都是单向的。我需要一个双向数据流的解决方案。我最终了解到了 AsyncTask。此示例演示如何从套接字获取数据并将数据发送回套接字。由于接收数据的套接字具有阻塞性质,因此该阻塞需要在 UI 线程以外的线程中运行。
作为示例,此代码连接到网络服务器。按“Start AsyncTask”按钮将打开套接字。一旦套接字打开,Web 服务器就会等待请求。按“发送消息”按钮将向服务器发送请求。来自服务器的任何响应都将显示在 TextView 中。对于 http 来说,一旦发送完所有数据,Web 服务器将与客户端断开连接。对于其他 TCP 数据流,连接将保持不变,直到一侧断开连接。
屏幕截图:
AndroidManifest.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.exampleasynctask"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0">
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
res\layout\main.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<Button android:id="@+id/btnStart" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Start AsyncTask"></Button>
<Button android:id="@+id/btnSend" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Send Message"></Button>
<TextView android:id="@+id/textStatus" android:textSize="24sp" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Status Goes Here" />
</LinearLayout>
src\com.exampleasynctask\MainActivity.java :
package com.exampleasynctask;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.SocketAddress;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
Button btnStart, btnSend;
TextView textStatus;
NetworkTask networktask;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
btnStart = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnStart);
btnSend = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnSend);
textStatus = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textStatus);
btnStart.setOnClickListener(btnStartListener);
btnSend.setOnClickListener(btnSendListener);
networktask = new NetworkTask(); //Create initial instance so SendDataToNetwork doesn't throw an error.
}
private OnClickListener btnStartListener = new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v){
btnStart.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
networktask = new NetworkTask(); //New instance of NetworkTask
networktask.execute();
}
};
private OnClickListener btnSendListener = new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v){
textStatus.setText("Sending Message to AsyncTask.");
networktask.SendDataToNetwork("GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n");
}
};
public class NetworkTask extends AsyncTask<Void, byte[], Boolean> {
Socket nsocket; //Network Socket
InputStream nis; //Network Input Stream
OutputStream nos; //Network Output Stream
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
Log.i("AsyncTask", "onPreExecute");
}
@Override
protected Boolean doInBackground(Void... params) { //This runs on a different thread
boolean result = false;
try {
Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: Creating socket");
SocketAddress sockaddr = new InetSocketAddress("192.168.1.1", 80);
nsocket = new Socket();
nsocket.connect(sockaddr, 5000); //10 second connection timeout
if (nsocket.isConnected()) {
nis = nsocket.getInputStream();
nos = nsocket.getOutputStream();
Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: Socket created, streams assigned");
Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: Waiting for inital data...");
byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
int read = nis.read(buffer, 0, 4096); //This is blocking
while(read != -1){
byte[] tempdata = new byte[read];
System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, tempdata, 0, read);
publishProgress(tempdata);
Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: Got some data");
read = nis.read(buffer, 0, 4096); //This is blocking
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: IOException");
result = true;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: Exception");
result = true;
} finally {
try {
nis.close();
nos.close();
nsocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: Finished");
}
return result;
}
public void SendDataToNetwork(String cmd) { //You run this from the main thread.
try {
if (nsocket.isConnected()) {
Log.i("AsyncTask", "SendDataToNetwork: Writing received message to socket");
nos.write(cmd.getBytes());
} else {
Log.i("AsyncTask", "SendDataToNetwork: Cannot send message. Socket is closed");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.i("AsyncTask", "SendDataToNetwork: Message send failed. Caught an exception");
}
}
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(byte[]... values) {
if (values.length > 0) {
Log.i("AsyncTask", "onProgressUpdate: " + values[0].length + " bytes received.");
textStatus.setText(new String(values[0]));
}
}
@Override
protected void onCancelled() {
Log.i("AsyncTask", "Cancelled.");
btnStart.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Boolean result) {
if (result) {
Log.i("AsyncTask", "onPostExecute: Completed with an Error.");
textStatus.setText("There was a connection error.");
} else {
Log.i("AsyncTask", "onPostExecute: Completed.");
}
btnStart.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
networktask.cancel(true); //In case the task is currently running
}
}
Most of the network socket examples I found for Android were one directional only. I needed a solution for a bi-directional data stream. I eventually learned of the AsyncTask. This example shows how to get data from a socket and send data back to it. Due to the blocking nature of a socket that is receiving data, that blocking needs to run in a thread other than the UI thread.
For the sake of example, this code connects to a webserver. Pressing the "Start AsyncTask" button will open the socket. Once the socket is open, the web server waits for a request. Pressing the "Send Message" button will send a request to the server. Any response from the server will be displayed in the TextView. In the case of http, a web server will disconnect from the client once all the data has been sent. For other TCP data streams, the connection will stay up until one side disconnects.
Screenshot:
AndroidManifest.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.exampleasynctask"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0">
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
res\layout\main.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<Button android:id="@+id/btnStart" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Start AsyncTask"></Button>
<Button android:id="@+id/btnSend" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Send Message"></Button>
<TextView android:id="@+id/textStatus" android:textSize="24sp" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Status Goes Here" />
</LinearLayout>
src\com.exampleasynctask\MainActivity.java:
package com.exampleasynctask;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.SocketAddress;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
Button btnStart, btnSend;
TextView textStatus;
NetworkTask networktask;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
btnStart = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnStart);
btnSend = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnSend);
textStatus = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textStatus);
btnStart.setOnClickListener(btnStartListener);
btnSend.setOnClickListener(btnSendListener);
networktask = new NetworkTask(); //Create initial instance so SendDataToNetwork doesn't throw an error.
}
private OnClickListener btnStartListener = new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v){
btnStart.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
networktask = new NetworkTask(); //New instance of NetworkTask
networktask.execute();
}
};
private OnClickListener btnSendListener = new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v){
textStatus.setText("Sending Message to AsyncTask.");
networktask.SendDataToNetwork("GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n");
}
};
public class NetworkTask extends AsyncTask<Void, byte[], Boolean> {
Socket nsocket; //Network Socket
InputStream nis; //Network Input Stream
OutputStream nos; //Network Output Stream
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
Log.i("AsyncTask", "onPreExecute");
}
@Override
protected Boolean doInBackground(Void... params) { //This runs on a different thread
boolean result = false;
try {
Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: Creating socket");
SocketAddress sockaddr = new InetSocketAddress("192.168.1.1", 80);
nsocket = new Socket();
nsocket.connect(sockaddr, 5000); //10 second connection timeout
if (nsocket.isConnected()) {
nis = nsocket.getInputStream();
nos = nsocket.getOutputStream();
Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: Socket created, streams assigned");
Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: Waiting for inital data...");
byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
int read = nis.read(buffer, 0, 4096); //This is blocking
while(read != -1){
byte[] tempdata = new byte[read];
System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, tempdata, 0, read);
publishProgress(tempdata);
Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: Got some data");
read = nis.read(buffer, 0, 4096); //This is blocking
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: IOException");
result = true;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: Exception");
result = true;
} finally {
try {
nis.close();
nos.close();
nsocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Log.i("AsyncTask", "doInBackground: Finished");
}
return result;
}
public void SendDataToNetwork(String cmd) { //You run this from the main thread.
try {
if (nsocket.isConnected()) {
Log.i("AsyncTask", "SendDataToNetwork: Writing received message to socket");
nos.write(cmd.getBytes());
} else {
Log.i("AsyncTask", "SendDataToNetwork: Cannot send message. Socket is closed");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.i("AsyncTask", "SendDataToNetwork: Message send failed. Caught an exception");
}
}
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(byte[]... values) {
if (values.length > 0) {
Log.i("AsyncTask", "onProgressUpdate: " + values[0].length + " bytes received.");
textStatus.setText(new String(values[0]));
}
}
@Override
protected void onCancelled() {
Log.i("AsyncTask", "Cancelled.");
btnStart.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Boolean result) {
if (result) {
Log.i("AsyncTask", "onPostExecute: Completed with an Error.");
textStatus.setText("There was a connection error.");
} else {
Log.i("AsyncTask", "onPostExecute: Completed.");
}
btnStart.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
networktask.cancel(true); //In case the task is currently running
}
}
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评论(3)
SendDataToNetwork
任务在主 ui 线程中运行,这意味着它会因NetworkOnMainThreadException
致命异常而导致 Honeycomb 或更高版本的应用程序崩溃。这是我的SendDataToNetwork
的样子,以避免此问题:The
SendDataToNetwork
task runs in the main ui thread, meaning it will crash a Honeycomb or higher app due toNetworkOnMainThreadException
Fatal exception. Here's what mySendDataToNetwork
looks like to avoid this issue:您的
SendDataToNetwork
未与doInBackground()
在同一线程上运行。SendDataToNetwork
有可能在套接字准备好之前开始发送数据。为了避免这一切,只需使用
SendDataToNetwork
保存数据并向后台线程发出信号,表明数据已准备好发送。由于用户可能会多次按下按钮,而旧数据仍在发送,因此您应该在 NetworkTask 内同步队列。然后:
SendDataToNetwork
将数据添加到队列并唤醒后台线程(通过notify()
)。finish
标志。如果设置,它将关闭连接并退出。如果没有,它从队列读取数据,将其发送到网络并返回睡眠状态。finish()
方法来设置finish
标志(原子变量,如布尔值)并唤醒后台线程。这是一种优雅退出后台线程的方法。看一下线程同步是如何完成的:http://www.jchq.net/tutorial/07_03Tut .htm
Your
SendDataToNetwork
does not run on the same thread asdoInBackground()
. There is a possibility thatSendDataToNetwork
would start sending data before socket is ready.To avoid all this just use
SendDataToNetwork
to save data and signal to background thread that data is ready to be sent.Since there is possibility that user can press button multiple times, while the old data is still being sent, you should have synchronized Queue inside NetworkTask. Then:
SendDataToNetwork
adds data to queue and wakes up the background thread (vianotify()
).finish
flag. If set, it closes connections and exits. If not it reads data from Queue, sends it to network and goes back to sleep.finish()
method which sets afinish
flag (atomic variable, like boolean) and wakes the background thread. This is a way to gracefully exit the background thread.Take a look at how thread synchronization is done: http://www.jchq.net/tutorial/07_03Tut.htm
更具交互性的示例
与OP类似,但您可以控制主机、端口和消息+如果连接失败,则会弹出错误通知。
1:
ifconfig
runnetcat -l 12345
查找桌面的 IPCtrl + D
,它会出现在output:
部分用法 2:
google.com
80
“GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n主机:google.com\r\n\r\n”
请注意,某些 HTTP 服务器在收到进一步请求的回复后不会关闭,并且应用程序将挂起直到超时。此类服务器希望您解析
Content-Width
标头并自行关闭。如果连接失败,则会在对话框中向用户显示一条警报消息。
代码
添加到
AndroidManifest.xml
:主要活动是:
在 GitHub 上,带有构建样板。
我还在
以下 位置发布了一个 Android 服务器示例:https://stackoverflow.com/a/35745834/895245安卓 5.1.1,索尼 Xperia 3 D6643。
More interactive example
Similar to the OP's, but you can control host, port and message + there is a popup error notification if the connection failed.
Usage 1:
ifconfig
netcat -l 12345
on a terminalCtrl + D
output:
sectionUsage 2:
google.com
80
"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: google.com\r\n\r\n"
Note that some HTTP servers won't close after the reply expecting further requests, and the application will hang until they timeout. Such servers expect you to parse the
Content-Width
header and close yourself.If the connection fails, an alert message is shown to the user on a dialog.
Code
Add to
AndroidManifest.xml
:And the main activity is:
On GitHub with build boilerplate.
I've also posted an Android server example at: https://stackoverflow.com/a/35745834/895245
Tested on Android 5.1.1, Sony Xperia 3 D6643.