获取生成 UNIX 信号的故障地址
我对信号处理程序感兴趣,它可以识别导致问题的指令的地址。
我知道 siginfo_t
和 __builtin_return_address
,但似乎都不起作用:
#include <iostream>
#include <signal.h>
void handler (int, siginfo_t *, void *);
int main ()
{
begin:
std :: cerr << &&begin << " ~ " << &&before << " ~ " << &&after << "\n";
struct sigaction s;
s .sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
sigemptyset (& s .sa_mask);
s .sa_sigaction = handler;
sigaction (SIGSEGV, &s, NULL);
int * i = NULL;
before:
*i = 0;
after:
std :: cout << "End.\n";
}
void handler (int, siginfo_t *si, void *)
{
std :: cerr << "si:" << si -> si_addr << "\n";
std :: cerr << "At: " << __builtin_return_address (0) << "\n";
std :: cerr << "At: " << __builtin_return_address (1) << "\n";
std :: cerr << "At: " << __builtin_return_address (2) << "\n";
std :: cerr << "At: " << __builtin_return_address (3) << "\n";
std :: cerr << "At: " << __builtin_return_address (4) << "\n";
std :: cerr << "At: " << __builtin_return_address (5) << "\n";
}
输出如下:
0x10978 ~ 0x10a4c ~ 0x10a54
si:0
At: 0xfb945364
At: 0xfb939e64
At: 0x10a40
At: 0x10740
At: 0
At: Segmentation Fault
所以 siginfo_t
is NULL and __builtin_return_address
> 正在在命名标签之间的某个位置产生值。
我期望这两个都返回 &&before
的值。我正确使用这些功能吗?
在 Linux 2.6.9-89.0.9.Elsmp 和 SunOS 上测试。
I am interested in a signal handler which can identify the address of the instruction which caused the problem.
I know about siginfo_t
and __builtin_return_address
and neither seem to work:
#include <iostream>
#include <signal.h>
void handler (int, siginfo_t *, void *);
int main ()
{
begin:
std :: cerr << &&begin << " ~ " << &&before << " ~ " << &&after << "\n";
struct sigaction s;
s .sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
sigemptyset (& s .sa_mask);
s .sa_sigaction = handler;
sigaction (SIGSEGV, &s, NULL);
int * i = NULL;
before:
*i = 0;
after:
std :: cout << "End.\n";
}
void handler (int, siginfo_t *si, void *)
{
std :: cerr << "si:" << si -> si_addr << "\n";
std :: cerr << "At: " << __builtin_return_address (0) << "\n";
std :: cerr << "At: " << __builtin_return_address (1) << "\n";
std :: cerr << "At: " << __builtin_return_address (2) << "\n";
std :: cerr << "At: " << __builtin_return_address (3) << "\n";
std :: cerr << "At: " << __builtin_return_address (4) << "\n";
std :: cerr << "At: " << __builtin_return_address (5) << "\n";
}
This outputs something like:
0x10978 ~ 0x10a4c ~ 0x10a54
si:0
At: 0xfb945364
At: 0xfb939e64
At: 0x10a40
At: 0x10740
At: 0
At: Segmentation Fault
So siginfo_t
is NULL and __builtin_return_address
is yielding values somewhere in between the named labels.
I was expecting both of these to return the value of &&before
. Am I using these functions correctly?
Tested on Linux 2.6.9-89.0.9.Elsmp and SunOS.
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使用 SA_SIGINFO 安装的处理程序的第三个参数(声明为 void *)是指向 ucontext_t 结构的指针。该结构的内容是特定于体系结构和操作系统的,不属于任何标准,但它们包含您需要的信息。以下是适合使用它的程序版本(特定于 Linux/x86-64;您将需要
#ifdef
用于每个感兴趣的体系结构和操作系统): ,GCC 有这种令人讨厌的习惯,即移动其地址已被占用但未在控制传输操作中使用的标签(据其所知)。比较:
看看优化版本中所有标签如何位于同一地址?这将导致任何尝试(例如通过调整电脑从故障中恢复)的尝试失败。 IIRC 有一种方法可以让 GCC 不这样做,但我不知道它是什么,也无法在手册中找到它。
The third argument to a handler installed with
SA_SIGINFO
(the one declared asvoid *
) is a pointer to aucontext_t
structure. The contents of this structure are architecture- and OS-specific and not part of any standard, but they include the information you need. Here's a version of your program adapted to use it (Linux/x86-64 specific; you will need#ifdef
s for every architecture and OS of interest):By the way, GCC has this nasty habit of moving labels whose address is taken but not used in a control transfer operation (as far as it can tell). Compare:
See how all the labels are at the same address in the optimized version? That's going to trip up any attempt to, say, recover from the fault by adjusting the PC. IIRC there is a way to make GCC not do that, but I don't know what it is and wasn't able to find it in the manual.
siginfo_t
不起作用,因为 它包含被访问的内存地址,而不是执行该操作的指令的地址。现在,
__builtin_return_address
很有趣。在我的机器上它返回一些废话:我不知道为什么。但后来我检查了核心转储:
如您所见,就像您的情况一样,有问题的地址位于标签位置之间的某个位置。不过,这很容易解释。看看main()的反汇编即可:
带标签的语句由几条指令组成。第一个将地址加载到 RAX 寄存器中。它成功完成,因为没有任何问题。这是第二个访问地址并中断的情况。这解释了为什么跟踪中的地址与标签的地址有点不同,尽管代码可能与我的示例不同。但这一切并不能解释为什么 __builtin_return_address 在我的例子中毫无意义。
The
siginfo_t
isn't going to work because it contains the memory address which was accessed, not the address of the instruction that did it.Now, the
__builtin_return_address
is interesting. On my machine it returns some nonsense:I have no idea why. But then I examined the core dump:
As you can see, just like in your case, the offending address is somewhere in between label locations. This is easily explained, though. Just look at the disassembly of main():
The labelled statement consists of several instructions. The first one loads the address into the RAX register. It completes successfully because there is nothing wrong with it. It's the second one that accesses the address and breaks. This explains why the address in your trace is a bit different from the address of the label, although the code will probably be different from my example. This all doesn't explain why the
__builtin_return_address
gives nonsense in my case, though.