使用 Python 在同一进程中运行三个命令

发布于 2024-10-19 06:58:14 字数 884 浏览 1 评论 0原文

我需要在 Win32 上运行这三个命令来进行分析/代码覆盖率报告。

vsperfcmd /start:coverage /output:run.coverage
helloclass
vsperfcmd /shutdown

我无法一个一个地运行命令，因为 helloclass 可执行文件应该在 vsperfcmd 的同一进程中进行分析。

我想到的是制作一个批处理文件来运行这三个命令，并在Python中运行该批处理文件。但是，我认为 python 应该有一种方法来执行启动 shell 和运行命令的等效操作。

问：如何在 Python 中的同一进程中运行命令？
问：或者，如何启动命令 shell 并在 Python 中运行命令？

已解决

import subprocess
cmdline = ["cmd", "/q", "/k", "echo off"]
cmd = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
batch = b"""\
rem vsinstr -coverage helloclass.exe /exclude:std::*
vsperfcmd /start:coverage /output:run.coverage
helloclass
vsperfcmd /shutdown
exit
"""
cmd.stdin.write(batch)
cmd.stdin.flush() # Must include this to ensure data is passed to child process
result = cmd.stdout.read()
print(result)

原文

I need to run those three commands for profiling/code coverage reporting on Win32.

vsperfcmd /start:coverage /output:run.coverage
helloclass
vsperfcmd /shutdown

I can't run one command by one because the helloclass executable should be profiled in the same process of vsperfcmd.

What I think of is to make a batch file to run those three commands, and run the batch file in Python. However, I think python should have a way to do the equivalent action of launching a shell and run commands.

Q : How can I run the commands in the same process in Python?
Q : Or, how can I launch command shell and run commands in Python?

SOLVED

import subprocess
cmdline = ["cmd", "/q", "/k", "echo off"]
cmd = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
batch = b"""\
rem vsinstr -coverage helloclass.exe /exclude:std::*
vsperfcmd /start:coverage /output:run.coverage
helloclass
vsperfcmd /shutdown
exit
"""
cmd.stdin.write(batch)
cmd.stdin.flush() # Must include this to ensure data is passed to child process
result = cmd.stdout.read()
print(result)

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§普罗旺斯的薰衣草 2024-10-26 06:58:14

有趣的问题。

一种有效的方法是运行命令 shell，然后通过 stdin 将命令传递给它（示例使用 Python 3，对于 Python 2，您可以跳过decode() 调用）。请注意，命令 shell 调用设置为抑制除写入 stdout 的显式输出之外的所有内容。

>>> import subprocess
>>> cmdline = ["cmd", "/q", "/k", "echo off"]
>>> cmd = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
>>> batch = b"""\
... set TEST_VAR=Hello World
... set TEST_VAR
... echo %TEST_VAR%
... exit
... """
>>> cmd.stdin.write(batch)
59
>>> cmd.stdin.flush() # Must include this to ensure data is passed to child process
>>> result = cmd.stdout.read()
>>> print(result.decode())
TEST_VAR=Hello World
Hello World

将其与单独调用 subprocess.call 的结果进行比较：

>>> subprocess.call(["set", "TEST_VAR=Hello World"], shell=True)
0
>>> subprocess.call(["set", "TEST_VAR"], shell=True)
Environment variable TEST_VAR not defined
1
>>> subprocess.call(["echo", "%TEST_VAR%"], shell=True)
%TEST_VAR%
0

后两个调用无法看到第一个调用设置的环境，因为所有 3 个调用都是不同的子进程。

Interesting question.

One approach that works is to run a command shell and then pipe commands to it via stdin (example uses Python 3, for Python 2 you can skip the decode() call). Note that the command shell invocation is set up to suppress everything except explicit output written to stdout.

>>> import subprocess
>>> cmdline = ["cmd", "/q", "/k", "echo off"]
>>> cmd = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
>>> batch = b"""\
... set TEST_VAR=Hello World
... set TEST_VAR
... echo %TEST_VAR%
... exit
... """
>>> cmd.stdin.write(batch)
59
>>> cmd.stdin.flush() # Must include this to ensure data is passed to child process
>>> result = cmd.stdout.read()
>>> print(result.decode())
TEST_VAR=Hello World
Hello World

Compare that to the result of separate invocations of subprocess.call:

>>> subprocess.call(["set", "TEST_VAR=Hello World"], shell=True)
0
>>> subprocess.call(["set", "TEST_VAR"], shell=True)
Environment variable TEST_VAR not defined
1
>>> subprocess.call(["echo", "%TEST_VAR%"], shell=True)
%TEST_VAR%
0

The latter two invocations can't see the environment set up by the first one, as all 3 are distinct child processes.

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