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奇怪的堆栈粉碎错误 - 由未使用、未初始化的成员变量引起

发布于 2024-10-17 18:35:46 字数 10035 浏览 5 评论 0原文

今天我遇到了一个有趣的错误，显然我的堆栈被破坏了，覆盖了 G++ 返回点金丝雀（我认为这就是使用的保护）。

我的违规类是这样的：

class ClientSendContext : public SendContext
    {
        public:
            ClientSendContext(UdpClient& client);
            void send(boost::asio::const_buffer buffer);
        private:
            boost::asio::ip::udp::endpoint endpoint;
            UdpClient& client;
    };

问题是，客户端变量是在初始化列表中初始化的，但不是端点（它没有在 ClientSendContext 中使用，因为它只发送到一个端点，但没关系）。我执行测试（或类似的事情）每三次就会发生一次粉碎堆栈，这很奇怪，因为我做了完全相同的事情（一定是线程计时问题）。

但是，一旦我删除端点变量，它就可以正常工作了！怎么会这样呢？它没有以任何方式使用，g++ 没有警告我……Valgrind 也很安静。

（具有高知名度的人可以编辑我的问题并添加 stack-smash 或类似的内容作为标签吗？）

好吧，包含更多代码的更新，发布在pastebin上：

http://pastebin.com/xiWx8xjV

这应该是调用的所有方法。最里面的发送方法是模板类的一部分。当 UdpServer 使用相同的发送方法时，它可以正常工作。我现在有点困惑。

编辑：代码现在直接放在这里：

void doTest(bool& failed)
{
    ReceiveHelper helper(failed);

    boost::threadpool::pool pool(2);
    int port = 55600;
    boost::asio::io_service service;
    udp::endpoint thisPoint = udp::endpoint(address::from_string("127.0.0.1"),
            port);
    udp::endpoint receivePoint;
    udp::socket socket(service, thisPoint);
    socket.async_receive_from(boost::asio::buffer(helper.buffer), receivePoint, boost::bind(&ReceiveHelper::handleReceive,
            &helper, boost::asio::placeholders::error,
            boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred));
    pool.schedule(boost::bind(&boost::asio::io_service::run, &service));
    voip::network::client::UdpClient client;
    client.connect(thisPoint);
    client.send(1, "Hello!");
    boost::this_thread::sleep(boost::posix_time::milliseconds(1));
    service.stop();
}

class ReceiveHelper {
private:
    bool& failed;

    public:
        ReceiveHelper(bool & failed) : failed(failed), buffer()
        {

        }
        boost::array<uint8_t, BUF_SIZE> buffer;
        void handleReceive(const boost::system::error_code & error, size_t numBytes)
        {
            if(numBytes != 8)
                return;
            if(std::string((char*)buffer.c_array(), 6) != "Hello!")
                return;
            failed = false;
        }
};

void UdpClient::send(uint8_t handler, std::string message)
{ <-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Canary at this point fails
    ClientSendContext context(*this);
    ClientConnection::send(context, handler, message);
} <-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Canary at this point fails

    void send(SendContext & sendContext, uint8_t handler, std::string & message)
    {
        uint8_t *array = new uint8_t[message.size() + 2];
        memcpy(array, message.c_str(), message.size());
        boost::asio::mutable_buffer buffer(array, message.size() + 2);
        prepareMessage(handler, buffer);
        sendContext.send(buffer);
        delete[] array;
    }

    size_t prepareMessage(uint8_t handler, boost::asio::mutable_buffer message)
    {
        size_t messageLength = boost::asio::buffer_size(message);
        uint8_t* data = boost::asio::buffer_cast<uint8_t*>(message);
        data[messageLength - 1] = network::handler;
        data[messageLength - 2] = handler;
        return messageLength;
    }

以及错误消息：

*** stack smashing detected ***: ./testclient terminated
======= Backtrace: =========
/lib/libc.so.6(__fortify_fail+0x37)[0x58e9537]
/lib/libc.so.6(__fortify_fail+0x0)[0x58e9500]
./testclient(_ZN4voip7network6client9UdpClient4sendEhSs+0x85)[0x46b449]
./testclient(_ZN4voip4test6client18SuiteTestUdpClient6doTestERb+0x2dd)[0x44c7c1]
./testclient(_ZNK4voip4test6client18SuiteTestUdpClient17TestClientCanSend7RunImplEv+0x2f)[0x44c957]
./testclient(_ZN8UnitTest11ExecuteTestINS_4TestEEEvRT_RKNS_11TestDetailsE+0x9a)[0x469551]
./testclient(_ZN8UnitTest4Test3RunEv+0x23)[0x46920f]
./testclient(_ZNK8UnitTest10TestRunner7RunTestEPNS_11TestResultsEPNS_4TestEi+0x7c)[0x469b74]
./testclient(_ZNK8UnitTest10TestRunner10RunTestsIfINS_4TrueEEEiRKNS_8TestListEPKcRKT_i+0x8f)[0x469ddb]
./testclient(_ZN8UnitTest11RunAllTestsEv+0x53)[0x4697b7]
./testclient(main+0x9)[0x44ca62]
/lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xfe)[0x5808d8e]
./testclient[0x44c429]
======= Memory map: ========
00400000-00494000 r-xp 00000000 08:05 150971                             /home/max/Documents/c++proj/voip/build/testclient
00693000-00694000 r--p 00093000 08:05 150971                             /home/max/Documents/c++proj/voip/build/testclient
00694000-00695000 rw-p 00094000 08:05 150971                             /home/max/Documents/c++proj/voip/build/testclient
00695000-00696000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
04000000-04020000 r-xp 00000000 08:05 560792                             /lib/ld-2.12.1.so
04020000-04022000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
0403f000-04045000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
04220000-04221000 r--p 00020000 08:05 560792                             /lib/ld-2.12.1.so
04221000-04222000 rw-p 00021000 08:05 560792                             /lib/ld-2.12.1.so
04222000-04223000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
04223000-04224000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
04a23000-04a24000 r-xp 00000000 08:05 145700                             /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_core-amd64-linux.so
04a24000-04c23000 ---p 00001000 08:05 145700                             /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_core-amd64-linux.so
04c23000-04c24000 r--p 00000000 08:05 145700                             /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_core-amd64-linux.so
04c24000-04c25000 rw-p 00001000 08:05 145700                             /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_core-amd64-linux.so
04c25000-04c2d000 r-xp 00000000 08:05 145715                             /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so
04c2d000-04e2c000 ---p 00008000 08:05 145715                             /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so
04e2c000-04e2d000 r--p 00007000 08:05 145715                             /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so
04e2d000-04e2e000 rw-p 00008000 08:05 145715                             /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so
04e2e000-04e46000 r-xp 00000000 08:05 557639                             /lib/libpthread-2.12.1.so
04e46000-05045000 ---p 00018000 08:05 557639                             /lib/libpthread-2.12.1.so
05045000-05046000 r--p 00017000 08:05 557639                             /lib/libpthread-2.12.1.so
05046000-05047000 rw-p 00018000 08:05 557639                             /lib/libpthread-2.12.1.so
05047000-0504b000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
0504b000-05133000 r-xp 00000000 08:05 656172                             /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.14
05133000-05332000 ---p 000e8000 08:05 656172                             /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.14
05332000-0533a000 r--p 000e7000 08:05 656172                             /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.14
0533a000-0533c000 rw-p 000ef000 08:05 656172                             /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.14
0533c000-05351000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
05351000-053d3000 r-xp 00000000 08:05 560787                             /lib/libm-2.12.1.so
053d3000-055d2000 ---p 00082000 08:05 560787                             /lib/libm-2.12.1.so
055d2000-055d3000 r--p 00081000 08:05 560787                             /lib/libm-2.12.1.so
055d3000-055d4000 rw-p 00082000 08:05 560787                             /lib/libm-2.12.1.so
055d4000-055e9000 r-xp 00000000 08:05 521495                             /lib/libgcc_s.so.1
055e9000-057e8000 ---p 00015000 08:05 521495                             /lib/libgcc_s.so.1
057e8000-057e9000 r--p 00014000 08:05 521495                             /lib/libgcc_s.so.1
057e9000-057ea000 rw-p 00015000 08:05 521495                             /lib/libgcc_s.so.1
057ea000-05964000 r-xp 00000000 08:05 557476                             /lib/libc-2.12.1.so
05964000-05b63000 ---p 0017a000 08:05 557476                             /lib/libc-2.12.1.so
05b63000-05b67000 r--p 00179000 08:05 557476                             /lib/libc-2.12.1.so
05b67000-05b68000 rw-p 0017d000 08:05 557476                             /lib/libc-2.12.1.so
05b68000-05b6d000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
05b6d000-05f6d000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
05f6d000-05f6e000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
05f6e000-0676e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
0676e000-0676f000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
0676f000-06f6f000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
06f6f000-06f70000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
06f70000-07770000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
07770000-07771000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
07771000-07f71000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
38000000-381fc000 r-xp 00200000 08:05 145710                             /usr/lib/valgrind/memcheck-amd64-linux
383fb000-383fe000 rw-p 003fb000 08:05 145710                             /usr/lib/valgrind/memcheck-amd64-linux
383fe000-3927e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
402001000-403272000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
403272000-403274000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
403274000-403374000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
403374000-403376000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
403376000-40583e000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
40583e000-405840000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
405840000-405940000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
405940000-405942000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
405942000-405946000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
405946000-405948000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
405948000-405a48000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
405a48000-405a4a000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
405a4a000-405a4e000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
405a4e000-405a50000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
405a50000-405b50000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
405b50000-405b52000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
405b52000-405b5a000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
405b5a000-405b5c000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
405b5c000-405c5c000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
405c5c000-405c5e000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
405c5e000-405c62000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
7feffd000-7ff001000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
7fffb9f36000-7fffb9f57000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [stack]
ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                  [vsyscall]
原文

Today I had a fun bug where apparently my stack got smashed, overriding the G++ return-point canary (I think that's the protection used).

My offending class was this:

class ClientSendContext : public SendContext
    {
        public:
            ClientSendContext(UdpClient& client);
            void send(boost::asio::const_buffer buffer);
        private:
            boost::asio::ip::udp::endpoint endpoint;
            UdpClient& client;
    };

The thing was, the client variable was initialized in the initializer list, but not the endpoint (it's not used in the ClientSendContext, since it only sends to one endpoint, but no matter). The smash-stack occured once every three times I executed my test (or something like that) which is weird, since I do the exact same thing (must be thread timing issue).

However, as soon I remove the endpoint variable, it works fine! How can this be? It wasn't used in any way, g++ didn't warn me about it... Valgrind was quiet aswell.

(Could someone with high rep please edit my question and add stack-smash or something like that as a tag?)

Alright, an update with more code, posted on pastebin:

http://pastebin.com/xiWx8xjV

That should be all the methods called. The inner most send method is part of a templated class. The same send method works fine when the UdpServer uses it.. I'm just a bit stumped right now.

EDIT: Code now put directly here:

void doTest(bool& failed)
{
    ReceiveHelper helper(failed);

    boost::threadpool::pool pool(2);
    int port = 55600;
    boost::asio::io_service service;
    udp::endpoint thisPoint = udp::endpoint(address::from_string("127.0.0.1"),
            port);
    udp::endpoint receivePoint;
    udp::socket socket(service, thisPoint);
    socket.async_receive_from(boost::asio::buffer(helper.buffer), receivePoint, boost::bind(&ReceiveHelper::handleReceive,
            &helper, boost::asio::placeholders::error,
            boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred));
    pool.schedule(boost::bind(&boost::asio::io_service::run, &service));
    voip::network::client::UdpClient client;
    client.connect(thisPoint);
    client.send(1, "Hello!");
    boost::this_thread::sleep(boost::posix_time::milliseconds(1));
    service.stop();
}

class ReceiveHelper {
private:
    bool& failed;

    public:
        ReceiveHelper(bool & failed) : failed(failed), buffer()
        {

        }
        boost::array<uint8_t, BUF_SIZE> buffer;
        void handleReceive(const boost::system::error_code & error, size_t numBytes)
        {
            if(numBytes != 8)
                return;
            if(std::string((char*)buffer.c_array(), 6) != "Hello!")
                return;
            failed = false;
        }
};

void UdpClient::send(uint8_t handler, std::string message)
{ <-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Canary at this point fails
    ClientSendContext context(*this);
    ClientConnection::send(context, handler, message);
} <-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Canary at this point fails

    void send(SendContext & sendContext, uint8_t handler, std::string & message)
    {
        uint8_t *array = new uint8_t[message.size() + 2];
        memcpy(array, message.c_str(), message.size());
        boost::asio::mutable_buffer buffer(array, message.size() + 2);
        prepareMessage(handler, buffer);
        sendContext.send(buffer);
        delete[] array;
    }

    size_t prepareMessage(uint8_t handler, boost::asio::mutable_buffer message)
    {
        size_t messageLength = boost::asio::buffer_size(message);
        uint8_t* data = boost::asio::buffer_cast<uint8_t*>(message);
        data[messageLength - 1] = network::handler;
        data[messageLength - 2] = handler;
        return messageLength;
    }

And the error message:

*** stack smashing detected ***: ./testclient terminated
======= Backtrace: =========
/lib/libc.so.6(__fortify_fail+0x37)[0x58e9537]
/lib/libc.so.6(__fortify_fail+0x0)[0x58e9500]
./testclient(_ZN4voip7network6client9UdpClient4sendEhSs+0x85)[0x46b449]
./testclient(_ZN4voip4test6client18SuiteTestUdpClient6doTestERb+0x2dd)[0x44c7c1]
./testclient(_ZNK4voip4test6client18SuiteTestUdpClient17TestClientCanSend7RunImplEv+0x2f)[0x44c957]
./testclient(_ZN8UnitTest11ExecuteTestINS_4TestEEEvRT_RKNS_11TestDetailsE+0x9a)[0x469551]
./testclient(_ZN8UnitTest4Test3RunEv+0x23)[0x46920f]
./testclient(_ZNK8UnitTest10TestRunner7RunTestEPNS_11TestResultsEPNS_4TestEi+0x7c)[0x469b74]
./testclient(_ZNK8UnitTest10TestRunner10RunTestsIfINS_4TrueEEEiRKNS_8TestListEPKcRKT_i+0x8f)[0x469ddb]
./testclient(_ZN8UnitTest11RunAllTestsEv+0x53)[0x4697b7]
./testclient(main+0x9)[0x44ca62]
/lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xfe)[0x5808d8e]
./testclient[0x44c429]
======= Memory map: ========
00400000-00494000 r-xp 00000000 08:05 150971                             /home/max/Documents/c++proj/voip/build/testclient
00693000-00694000 r--p 00093000 08:05 150971                             /home/max/Documents/c++proj/voip/build/testclient
00694000-00695000 rw-p 00094000 08:05 150971                             /home/max/Documents/c++proj/voip/build/testclient
00695000-00696000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
04000000-04020000 r-xp 00000000 08:05 560792                             /lib/ld-2.12.1.so
04020000-04022000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
0403f000-04045000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
04220000-04221000 r--p 00020000 08:05 560792                             /lib/ld-2.12.1.so
04221000-04222000 rw-p 00021000 08:05 560792                             /lib/ld-2.12.1.so
04222000-04223000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
04223000-04224000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
04a23000-04a24000 r-xp 00000000 08:05 145700                             /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_core-amd64-linux.so
04a24000-04c23000 ---p 00001000 08:05 145700                             /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_core-amd64-linux.so
04c23000-04c24000 r--p 00000000 08:05 145700                             /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_core-amd64-linux.so
04c24000-04c25000 rw-p 00001000 08:05 145700                             /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_core-amd64-linux.so
04c25000-04c2d000 r-xp 00000000 08:05 145715                             /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so
04c2d000-04e2c000 ---p 00008000 08:05 145715                             /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so
04e2c000-04e2d000 r--p 00007000 08:05 145715                             /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so
04e2d000-04e2e000 rw-p 00008000 08:05 145715                             /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so
04e2e000-04e46000 r-xp 00000000 08:05 557639                             /lib/libpthread-2.12.1.so
04e46000-05045000 ---p 00018000 08:05 557639                             /lib/libpthread-2.12.1.so
05045000-05046000 r--p 00017000 08:05 557639                             /lib/libpthread-2.12.1.so
05046000-05047000 rw-p 00018000 08:05 557639                             /lib/libpthread-2.12.1.so
05047000-0504b000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
0504b000-05133000 r-xp 00000000 08:05 656172                             /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.14
05133000-05332000 ---p 000e8000 08:05 656172                             /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.14
05332000-0533a000 r--p 000e7000 08:05 656172                             /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.14
0533a000-0533c000 rw-p 000ef000 08:05 656172                             /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.14
0533c000-05351000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
05351000-053d3000 r-xp 00000000 08:05 560787                             /lib/libm-2.12.1.so
053d3000-055d2000 ---p 00082000 08:05 560787                             /lib/libm-2.12.1.so
055d2000-055d3000 r--p 00081000 08:05 560787                             /lib/libm-2.12.1.so
055d3000-055d4000 rw-p 00082000 08:05 560787                             /lib/libm-2.12.1.so
055d4000-055e9000 r-xp 00000000 08:05 521495                             /lib/libgcc_s.so.1
055e9000-057e8000 ---p 00015000 08:05 521495                             /lib/libgcc_s.so.1
057e8000-057e9000 r--p 00014000 08:05 521495                             /lib/libgcc_s.so.1
057e9000-057ea000 rw-p 00015000 08:05 521495                             /lib/libgcc_s.so.1
057ea000-05964000 r-xp 00000000 08:05 557476                             /lib/libc-2.12.1.so
05964000-05b63000 ---p 0017a000 08:05 557476                             /lib/libc-2.12.1.so
05b63000-05b67000 r--p 00179000 08:05 557476                             /lib/libc-2.12.1.so
05b67000-05b68000 rw-p 0017d000 08:05 557476                             /lib/libc-2.12.1.so
05b68000-05b6d000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
05b6d000-05f6d000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
05f6d000-05f6e000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
05f6e000-0676e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
0676e000-0676f000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
0676f000-06f6f000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
06f6f000-06f70000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
06f70000-07770000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
07770000-07771000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
07771000-07f71000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
38000000-381fc000 r-xp 00200000 08:05 145710                             /usr/lib/valgrind/memcheck-amd64-linux
383fb000-383fe000 rw-p 003fb000 08:05 145710                             /usr/lib/valgrind/memcheck-amd64-linux
383fe000-3927e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
402001000-403272000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
403272000-403274000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
403274000-403374000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
403374000-403376000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
403376000-40583e000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
40583e000-405840000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
405840000-405940000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
405940000-405942000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
405942000-405946000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
405946000-405948000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
405948000-405a48000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
405a48000-405a4a000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
405a4a000-405a4e000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
405a4e000-405a50000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
405a50000-405b50000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
405b50000-405b52000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
405b52000-405b5a000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
405b5a000-405b5c000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
405b5c000-405c5c000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
405c5c000-405c5e000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 
405c5e000-405c62000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
7feffd000-7ff001000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 
7fffb9f36000-7fffb9f57000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [stack]
ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                  [vsyscall]

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评论（1）

柏拉图鍀咏恒 2024-10-24 18:35:46

此错误（几乎总是）是由于向数组/向量附加的元素多于所述数组/向量已声明的元素而引起的。因此我会特别注意代码中的所有 char 和 uint8 数组。

尽管转储对于深入了解 linux c++ 的人来说可能有意义，但对于普通人来说却毫无意义，并且使用它进行调试并不是最快的解决方案。

我喜欢老派的方法：打印标志来显示你的程序无异常地进行到什么程度。通常，您可以通过这种方式快速隔离有问题的阵列。

举个例子，我在这段代码中遇到了完全相同的问题：

std::string GetTimeStringFromDump(unsigned char *bufDumpIn, int startDate) {
  unsigned char bufOut[6];
  for (int counter02=0;counter02<12;counter02++) {
    bufOut[counter02] = bufDumpIn[counter02+startDate];
  }
  std::string unixTimeOut = GetTimeStringNew(bufOut);
  std::cout << "UnixTimeOUT: " << unixTimeOut  << std::endl;
  return unixTimeOut;
}

最奇怪的是，当我将一个有 12 个字符的字符串分配给 bufOut （声明为有 6 个元素）时，错误没有发生，但之后

return unixTimeOut;

，我将声明更改为

unsigned char bufOut[12];

，问题解决了。

this error is (almost always) caused by appending more elements to an array/vector than said array/vector has been declared as having. therefore i would pay specific attention to all char and uint8 arrays in your code.

though the dump might make sense for someone who understands linux c++ profoundly, it makes no sense for mere mortals and debugging using it is not the fastest solution.

i like the old school approach: print flags to show up to what point your program goes without exceptions. you can usually isolate the offending array(s) this way quite quickly.

as an example, i was having the exact same problem with this code:

std::string GetTimeStringFromDump(unsigned char *bufDumpIn, int startDate) {
  unsigned char bufOut[6];
  for (int counter02=0;counter02<12;counter02++) {
    bufOut[counter02] = bufDumpIn[counter02+startDate];
  }
  std::string unixTimeOut = GetTimeStringNew(bufOut);
  std::cout << "UnixTimeOUT: " << unixTimeOut  << std::endl;
  return unixTimeOut;
}

the weirdest thing was that the error did NOT occur when i assigned a string that had 12 characters to bufOut (declared as having 6 elements), but rather after

return unixTimeOut;

nevertheless, i changed the declaration to

unsigned char bufOut[12];

and the problem was solved.

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