如何限制 grep 返回的结果数量?

发布于 2024-10-17 18:10:23 字数 76 浏览 8 评论 0原文

我想说 grep 最多 10 行。

我不想让我的电脑工作太辛苦。我希望它在 grep 找到 10 个结果后停止。是否可以?

I would like to say 10 lines max from grep.

I don't want my computer to work hard. I want it to stop after 10 results found by grep. Is it possible?

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评论(6

隱形的亼 2024-10-24 18:10:23

-m 选项可能就是您正在寻找的:

grep -m 10 PATTERN [FILE]

来自 man grep

-m NUM, --max-count=NUM
        Stop reading a file after NUM matching lines.  If the  input  is
        standard  input  from a regular file, and NUM matching lines are
        output, grep ensures that the standard input  is  positioned  to
        just  after the last matching line before exiting, regardless of
        the presence of trailing context lines.  This enables a  calling
        process  to resume a search.

注意:一旦找到指定数量的匹配项,grep 就会停止读取文件!

The -m option is probably what you're looking for:

grep -m 10 PATTERN [FILE]

From man grep:

-m NUM, --max-count=NUM
        Stop reading a file after NUM matching lines.  If the  input  is
        standard  input  from a regular file, and NUM matching lines are
        output, grep ensures that the standard input  is  positioned  to
        just  after the last matching line before exiting, regardless of
        the presence of trailing context lines.  This enables a  calling
        process  to resume a search.

Note: grep stops reading the file once the specified number of matches have been found!

尸血腥色 2024-10-24 18:10:23

另一种选择是仅使用 head

grep ...parameters... yourfile | head

这不需要搜索整个file - 当找到前十个匹配行时它将停止。这种方法的另一个优点是,即使您使用带 -o 选项的 grep,也将返回不超过 10 行。

例如,如果文件包含以下行:

112233
223344
123123

那么这就是输出中的差异:

$ grep -o '1.' yourfile | head -n2
11
12

$ grep -m2 -o '1.'
11
12
12

使用 head 仅根据需要返回 2 个结果,而 -m2 返回 3。

Another option is just using head:

grep ...parameters... yourfile | head

This won't require searching the entire file - it will stop when the first ten matching lines are found. Another advantage with this approach is that will return no more than 10 lines even if you are using grep with the -o option.

For example if the file contains the following lines:

112233
223344
123123

Then this is the difference in the output:

$ grep -o '1.' yourfile | head -n2
11
12

$ grep -m2 -o '1.'
11
12
12

Using head returns only 2 results as desired, whereas -m2 returns 3.

漫漫岁月 2024-10-24 18:10:23

awk的方法:

awk '/pattern/{print; count++; if (count==10) exit}' file

Awk approach:

awk '/pattern/{print; count++; if (count==10) exit}' file
眼泪淡了忧伤 2024-10-24 18:10:23

对于 2 个用例:

  1. 我只想要 n 个总体结果,而不是每个文件的 n 个结果,grep -m 2 是每个文件的最大出现次数。
  2. 我经常使用 git grep ,它不需要 -m

在这些场景中一个很好的替代方案是 grep | sed 2q 来 grep 所有文件中的前 2 个匹配项。 sed 文档: https://www.gnu.org/software/sed/manual /sed.html

For 2 use cases:

  1. I only want n overall results, not n results per file, the grep -m 2 is per file max occurrence.
  2. I often use git grep which doesn't take -m

A good alternative in these scenarios is grep | sed 2q to grep first 2 occurrences across all files. sed documentation: https://www.gnu.org/software/sed/manual/sed.html

悲欢浪云 2024-10-24 18:10:23

艾米丽答案(2020 年中)提到:

我经常使用 git grep,它不需要 -m

事实上,确实如此(2022 年中):
使用 Git 2.38(2022 年第 3 季度),“git grep -m"(man< /a>) 是一种限制每个文件显示的点击次数的方法。

这意味着在 Git 存储库中完成时,git grep -m 可以用作 grep 的替代品。

请参阅 提交 68437ed(2022 年 6 月 22 日),作者:卡洛斯·洛佩斯 (00xc)
(由 Junio C Hamano -- gitster -- 合并于 提交 8c4f65e,2022 年 7 月 13 日)

grep:添加 --max-count命令行选项

签署人:Carlos López [电子邮件受保护]


此补丁添加了一个类似于 GNU grep(1) 的 -m / --max-count 的命令行选项,用户可能已经使用过该选项到。

这使得可以限制输出中显示的匹配数量,同时保留其他选项的功能,例如-C(显示代码上下文)或-p (显示包含函数),这对于 shell 管道来说很难做到(例如 head(1))。

git grep 现在包含在其 手册页

-m

--max-count

限制每个文件的匹配数量。

当使用-v
--invert-match 选项,指定后停止搜索
不匹配的数量。

  • 值为 -1 将返回无限制
    结果(默认)。
  • 值为 0 将立即退出
    非零状态。

Emily's answer (mid-2020) mentions:

I often use git grep which doesn't take -m.

Actually, it does (mid-2022):
With Git 2.38 (Q3 2022), "git grep -m<max-hits>"(man) is a way to limit the hits shown per file.

That means git grep -m can be used as an alternative to grep when done in a Git repository.

See commit 68437ed (22 Jun 2022) by Carlos López (00xc).
(Merged by Junio C Hamano -- gitster -- in commit 8c4f65e, 13 Jul 2022)

grep: add --max-count command line option

Signed-off-by: Carlos López [email protected]

This patch adds a command line option analogous to that of GNU grep(1)'s -m / --max-count, which users might already be used to.

This makes it possible to limit the amount of matches shown in the output while keeping the functionality of other options such as -C (show code context) or -p (show containing function), which would be difficult to do with a shell pipeline (e.g. head(1)).

git grep now includes in its man page:

-m <num>

--max-count <num>

Limit the amount of matches per file.

When using the -v or
--invert-match option, the search stops after the specified
number of non-matches.

  • A value of -1 will return unlimited
    results (the default).
  • A value of 0 will exit immediately with
    a non-zero status.
夜血缘 2024-10-24 18:10:23

使用尾部:

#dmesg 
...
...
...
[132059.017752] cfg80211:   (57240000 KHz - 65880000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 4000 mBm)
[132116.566238] cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain
[132116.568939] cfg80211: World regulatory domain updated:
[132116.568942] cfg80211:   (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp)
[132116.568944] cfg80211:   (2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[132116.568945] cfg80211:   (2457000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[132116.568947] cfg80211:   (2474000 KHz - 2494000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[132116.568948] cfg80211:   (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[132116.568949] cfg80211:   (5735000 KHz - 5835000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[132120.288218] cfg80211: Calling CRDA for country: GB
[132120.291143] cfg80211: Regulatory domain changed to country: GB
[132120.291146] cfg80211:   (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp)
[132120.291148] cfg80211:   (2402000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291150] cfg80211:   (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291152] cfg80211:   (5250000 KHz - 5330000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291153] cfg80211:   (5490000 KHz - 5710000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2700 mBm)
[132120.291155] cfg80211:   (57240000 KHz - 65880000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 4000 mBm)
alex@ubuntu:~/bugs/navencrypt/dev-tools$ dmesg | grep cfg8021 | head 2
head: cannot open ‘2’ for reading: No such file or directory
alex@ubuntu:~/bugs/navencrypt/dev-tools$ dmesg | grep cfg8021 | tail -2
[132120.291153] cfg80211:   (5490000 KHz - 5710000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2700 mBm)
[132120.291155] cfg80211:   (57240000 KHz - 65880000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 4000 mBm)
alex@ubuntu:~/bugs/navencrypt/dev-tools$ dmesg | grep cfg8021 | tail -5
[132120.291148] cfg80211:   (2402000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291150] cfg80211:   (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291152] cfg80211:   (5250000 KHz - 5330000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291153] cfg80211:   (5490000 KHz - 5710000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2700 mBm)
[132120.291155] cfg80211:   (57240000 KHz - 65880000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 4000 mBm)
alex@ubuntu:~/bugs/navencrypt/dev-tools$ dmesg | grep cfg8021 | tail -6
[132120.291146] cfg80211:   (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp)
[132120.291148] cfg80211:   (2402000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291150] cfg80211:   (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291152] cfg80211:   (5250000 KHz - 5330000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291153] cfg80211:   (5490000 KHz - 5710000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2700 mBm)
[132120.291155] cfg80211:   (57240000 KHz - 65880000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 4000 mBm)
alex@ubuntu:~/bugs/navencrypt/dev-tools$ 

Using tail:

#dmesg 
...
...
...
[132059.017752] cfg80211:   (57240000 KHz - 65880000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 4000 mBm)
[132116.566238] cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain
[132116.568939] cfg80211: World regulatory domain updated:
[132116.568942] cfg80211:   (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp)
[132116.568944] cfg80211:   (2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[132116.568945] cfg80211:   (2457000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[132116.568947] cfg80211:   (2474000 KHz - 2494000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[132116.568948] cfg80211:   (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[132116.568949] cfg80211:   (5735000 KHz - 5835000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm)
[132120.288218] cfg80211: Calling CRDA for country: GB
[132120.291143] cfg80211: Regulatory domain changed to country: GB
[132120.291146] cfg80211:   (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp)
[132120.291148] cfg80211:   (2402000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291150] cfg80211:   (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291152] cfg80211:   (5250000 KHz - 5330000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291153] cfg80211:   (5490000 KHz - 5710000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2700 mBm)
[132120.291155] cfg80211:   (57240000 KHz - 65880000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 4000 mBm)
alex@ubuntu:~/bugs/navencrypt/dev-tools$ dmesg | grep cfg8021 | head 2
head: cannot open ‘2’ for reading: No such file or directory
alex@ubuntu:~/bugs/navencrypt/dev-tools$ dmesg | grep cfg8021 | tail -2
[132120.291153] cfg80211:   (5490000 KHz - 5710000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2700 mBm)
[132120.291155] cfg80211:   (57240000 KHz - 65880000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 4000 mBm)
alex@ubuntu:~/bugs/navencrypt/dev-tools$ dmesg | grep cfg8021 | tail -5
[132120.291148] cfg80211:   (2402000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291150] cfg80211:   (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291152] cfg80211:   (5250000 KHz - 5330000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291153] cfg80211:   (5490000 KHz - 5710000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2700 mBm)
[132120.291155] cfg80211:   (57240000 KHz - 65880000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 4000 mBm)
alex@ubuntu:~/bugs/navencrypt/dev-tools$ dmesg | grep cfg8021 | tail -6
[132120.291146] cfg80211:   (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp)
[132120.291148] cfg80211:   (2402000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291150] cfg80211:   (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291152] cfg80211:   (5250000 KHz - 5330000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm)
[132120.291153] cfg80211:   (5490000 KHz - 5710000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2700 mBm)
[132120.291155] cfg80211:   (57240000 KHz - 65880000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 4000 mBm)
alex@ubuntu:~/bugs/navencrypt/dev-tools$ 
~没有更多了~
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