C++:使用 getline() 从外部文件读取的后续问题。如何获取文件数据的子集?
我需要从外部文件读取数字并将它们存储在整数向量中。我现在能做到这一点要感谢 Howard Hinnant 和 wilhelmtell,他们耐心地帮助我找出了昨天我的编码无法工作的原因。
我一直在试图弄清楚如何将附加功能合并到代码中,但我已经耗尽了我对流的知识,并且希望得到一些建议。
我希望能够处理包含多组数据的文件。是否可以仅将文件中的某些数据提取到向量中?我想最终得到几个包含来自文件不同部分的数据的向量。我在网上搜索过,但没有看到任何提及这一点。
这是代码以及我想要从中获取数据的文件示例(我们称之为“测试”)。
编辑: 我根据 CashCow 的建议编辑了代码。我现在可以从数据文件中获取一个块。但我不知道如何获得我想要的块。如果我按原样运行代码,我会得到一个包含元素 2,5,8 的向量(这不是我想要的)。为了获得 vectorTwo (在我制作的示例中为 4,5,6),我尝试在 while 语句周围添加此内容:
if( line == "vectorTwo" )
{
// The while statement and its contents
}
它不起作用。我没有从运行代码中得到任何结果(尽管它已编译)。谁能看出问题是什么吗?我想我可以使用这个语句来搜索我需要的数据块的标题。
//以下是示例文件的内容
vectorOne // 一个向量的数据子集的标识符
'1' '2' '3'
vectorTwo // 我将如何得到这一个向量?或者任何其他向量?
'4' '5' '6'
vectorThree // 另一个向量的数据子集的标识符
'7' '8' '9'
// 代码: '\'' 字符是行分隔符。第一个 ' 之前的所有内容都会被忽略,然后直到下一个 ' 之前的所有内容都是数字的一部分。这将继续,直到逻辑失败(文件结尾)。我怎样才能让它停在数据块的末尾呢?
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <iterator>
int main()
{
std::string line;
std::string block; // Edited, from CashCow
const std::string fileName = "test.dat";
std::ifstream theStream( fileName.c_str() );
if( ! theStream )
std::cerr << "Error opening file test.dat\n";
std::vector<int> numbers; // This code is written for one vector only. There would be three vectors for the example file I provided above; one for the vectorOne data in the file, and so on.
while (true)
{
// get first '
std::getline(theStream, line, '\'');
// read until second '
std::getline(theStream, line, '\'');
std::istringstream myStream( line );
std::getline( theStream, block, '\n' ); // Edited, from CashCow
std::istringstream blockstream( block ); // Edited, from CashCow
std::getline(blockstream, line, '\''); // Edited, from CashCow
int i;
myStream >> i;
if (myStream.fail())
break;
numbers.push_back(i);
}
std::copy(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(),
std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, "\n"));
}
I need to read in numbers from an external file and store them in a vector of ints. I can do this now thanks to Howard Hinnant and wilhelmtell, who patiently helped figure out why my coding was not working yesterday.
I have been trying to figure out how to incorporate an additional feature into the code, but I have exhausted my knowledge of streams and would appreciate some advice.
I want to be able to deal with files containing many sets of data. Is it possible to extract only certain data from the file into a vector? I want to end up with several vectors that contain data from different parts of the file. I searched online, but have not seen any mention of this.
Here's the code plus an example of a file (let's call it "test") that I want to get data from.
Edit: I edited the code based on CashCow's advice. I can now get a block out of the data file. But I don't know how to get the block I want. If I run the code as it is, I get a vector that contains the elements 2,5,8 (this is not what I want). To get vectorTwo (4,5,6 in the example I made), I tried adding this around the while statement:
if( line == "vectorTwo" )
{
// The while statement and its contents
}
It did not work. I did not get any results from running the code (it compiled though). Can anyone see what the problem is? I figured I could use this statement to search for the header for the block of data I need.
//Here are the contents of the example file
vectorOne // Identifier for subset of data for one vector
'1' '2' '3'
vectorTwo // How would I get this one vector? Or any other one vector?
'4' '5' '6'
vectorThree // Identifier for subset of data for another vector
'7' '8' '9'
// Code:
The '\'' character is the line delimiter. Everything is ignored up to the first ' and then everything until the next ' is part of a number. This continue until the logic fails (end of file). How can I get it to stop at the end of a data block instead?
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <iterator>
int main()
{
std::string line;
std::string block; // Edited, from CashCow
const std::string fileName = "test.dat";
std::ifstream theStream( fileName.c_str() );
if( ! theStream )
std::cerr << "Error opening file test.dat\n";
std::vector<int> numbers; // This code is written for one vector only. There would be three vectors for the example file I provided above; one for the vectorOne data in the file, and so on.
while (true)
{
// get first '
std::getline(theStream, line, '\'');
// read until second '
std::getline(theStream, line, '\'');
std::istringstream myStream( line );
std::getline( theStream, block, '\n' ); // Edited, from CashCow
std::istringstream blockstream( block ); // Edited, from CashCow
std::getline(blockstream, line, '\''); // Edited, from CashCow
int i;
myStream >> i;
if (myStream.fail())
break;
numbers.push_back(i);
}
std::copy(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(),
std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, "\n"));
}
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当到达块的开头时,只需将行末尾读入字符串,然后解析该字符串。
When you reach the start of a block just read to the end of the line into a string, then parse the string.