将防火墙从 IPv4 迁移到 IPv6

发布于 2024-10-15 22:07:50 字数 221 浏览 2 评论 0原文

我正在参与一个将防火墙应用程序从 IPv4 迁移到 IPv6 的项目。我有几个问题:

  1. 可能需要进行哪些更改和修改?
  2. FTP、HTTP、POP3等流行协议是否也需要适配/修改?
  3. 应该或必须实施哪些 IPv6 组件?
  4. 更喜欢哪种隧道/转换机制?

由于我是这个网络安全领域的新手,希望大家能给我一些宝贵的意见。提前致谢。

I am working in a project to migrate a firewall application from IPv4 to IPv6. I have several questions:

  1. What changes and modifications might be needed?
  2. Will the popular protocols such as FTP, HTTP, POP3 also need to be adapted/modified?
  3. Which IPv6 components should or must be implemented?
  4. Which tunneling/transition mechanism to prefer?

As I am new to this network security field, I hope you guys could give me some valuable input. Thanks in advance.

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紫罗兰の梦幻 2024-10-22 22:07:51

有很多事情需要考虑。我突然想到:

  • 了解本地链路 (fe80::/10)、全局单播和多播地址范围之间的区别。确保您支持使用链路本地地址的接口范围(您将看到类似 fe80::1%eth1 的地址,它将指示 eth1 接口上的链路本地地址)。
  • ARP 等效项(IPv6 邻居发现)现在是 ICMP 的一部分。这很重要,因为如果用户想要阻止 ICMP 数据包而不小心,他们可能会失去所有连接!
  • 大多数(理智的)协议不需要重大改变。 FTP 是一种可能需要更改的协议,因为它有时会在协议本身内传递网络地址(而不是让较低级别的协议处理它)。
  • 您将了解的最基本的隧道/转换机制需要称为6in4;它只是将 IPv6 数据包封装在 IPv4 数据包中,并允许用户手动配置隧道的端点。 6to4 和 Teredo 等自动隧道机制在某些情况下也很有用。
  • 如果您销售商业产品,我建议您查看 USGv6 测试选择表。另外,请通读 USGv6 配置文件,其中包含许多您将要使用的 RFC为了开发符合 IPv6 标准的产品,需要了解这些内容。不支持网络保护设备 (NPD) 的 USGv6 配置文件可能会严重限制您的市场。最后,接受一些培训! IPv6 在很多方面与 IPv4 有很大不同。如果您的雇主希望该项目取得成功,培训就至关重要,因为许多项目成员似乎对 IPv6 和网络安全都不熟悉。 (团队里有导师可以提问吗?)

There are a lot of things to consider. Off the top of my head:

  • Learn the difference between link-local (fe80::/10), global unicast, and multicast address ranges. Make sure you support interface scoping with link-local addresses (you will see addresses like fe80::1%eth1, which will indicate the link-local address on the eth1 interface).
  • ARP equivalent (IPv6 neighbor discovery) is now part of ICMP. This is important because if the user wants to block ICMP packets and isn't careful, they could lose all their connectivity!
  • Most (sane) protocols will not need major changes. FTP is one protocol that will potentially need changes, since it sometimes passes network addresses within the protocol itself (rather than letting the lower-level protocols take care of it)
  • The most basic tunneling/transition mechanism you will need is called 6in4; it simply encapsulates IPv6 packets within IPv4 packets and allows the user to manually configure the endpoints of the tunnel. Automatic tunneling mechanisms like 6to4 and Teredo can also be useful in some situations.
  • If you are selling a commercial product, I recommend you take a look at the USGv6 test selection tables. Also, read through the USGv6 profile which has pointers to many of the RFCs you will need to understand in order to develop an IPv6-compliant product. Not supporting the USGv6 profile for a network protection device (NPD) could severely limit your market. Finally, get some training! IPv6 is vastly different from IPv4 in many ways. If your employer wants this project to succeed, training will be critical given that it appears that many project members are new to both IPv6 and network security. (do you have a mentor on the team to ask questions?)
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