PostgreSQL 异常处理

发布于 2024-10-15 17:30:59 字数 1027 浏览 5 评论 0原文

我是 PostgreSQL 新手。有人可以纠正这个查询吗?

BEGIN TRANSACTION;

BEGIN;
    CREATE TABLE "Logs"."Events"
    (
        EventId BIGSERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
        PrimaryKeyId bigint NOT NULL,
        EventDateTime date NOT NULL DEFAULT(now()),
        Action varchar(12) NOT NULL,
        UserId integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "Office"."Users"(UserId),
        PrincipalUserId varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT(user)
    );

    CREATE TABLE "Logs"."EventDetails"
    (
        EventDetailId BIGSERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
        EventId bigint NOT NULL REFERENCES "Logs"."Events"(EventId),
        Resource varchar(64) NOT NULL,
        OldVal varchar(4000) NOT NULL,
        NewVal varchar(4000) NOT NULL
    );


    COMMIT TRANSACTION;
    RAISE NOTICE 'Task completed sucessfully.'
EXCEPTION;
    ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;
    RAISE ERROR @ErrorMessage, @LineNumber, @ErrorState --how to catch errors and display them????
END;

问题:

  1. 如何在 T-SQL 中打印类似“PRINT”的消息?
  2. 如何通过异常信息引发错误?

I am new to PostgreSQL. Could anybody please correct this query.

BEGIN TRANSACTION;

BEGIN;
    CREATE TABLE "Logs"."Events"
    (
        EventId BIGSERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
        PrimaryKeyId bigint NOT NULL,
        EventDateTime date NOT NULL DEFAULT(now()),
        Action varchar(12) NOT NULL,
        UserId integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "Office"."Users"(UserId),
        PrincipalUserId varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT(user)
    );

    CREATE TABLE "Logs"."EventDetails"
    (
        EventDetailId BIGSERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
        EventId bigint NOT NULL REFERENCES "Logs"."Events"(EventId),
        Resource varchar(64) NOT NULL,
        OldVal varchar(4000) NOT NULL,
        NewVal varchar(4000) NOT NULL
    );


    COMMIT TRANSACTION;
    RAISE NOTICE 'Task completed sucessfully.'
EXCEPTION;
    ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;
    RAISE ERROR @ErrorMessage, @LineNumber, @ErrorState --how to catch errors and display them????
END;

Questions:

  1. How to print a message like 'PRINT' in T-SQL?
  2. How to raise errors with exception information?

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评论(4

喵星人汪星人 2024-10-22 17:30:59

要捕获错误消息及其代码:

do $       
begin

    create table yyy(a int);
    create table yyy(a int); -- this will cause an error

exception when others then 

    raise notice 'The transaction is in an uncommittable state. '
                 'Transaction was rolled back';

    raise notice '% %', SQLERRM, SQLSTATE;

end; $ 
language 'plpgsql';

尚未找到行号

更新2019年4月16日

根据Diego Scaravaggi的建议,对于Postgres 9.2及更高版本,请使用获取堆叠诊断

do language plpgsql $
declare
    v_state   TEXT;
    v_msg     TEXT;
    v_detail  TEXT;
    v_hint    TEXT;
    v_context TEXT;
begin

    create table yyy(a int);
    create table yyy(a int); -- this will cause an error

exception when others then 

    get stacked diagnostics
        v_state   = returned_sqlstate,
        v_msg     = message_text,
        v_detail  = pg_exception_detail,
        v_hint    = pg_exception_hint,
        v_context = pg_exception_context;

    raise notice E'Got exception:
        state  : %
        message: %
        detail : %
        hint   : %
        context: %', v_state, v_msg, v_detail, v_hint, v_context;

    raise notice E'Got exception:
        SQLSTATE: % 
        SQLERRM: %', SQLSTATE, SQLERRM;     

    raise notice '%', message_text; -- invalid. message_text is contextual to GET STACKED DIAGNOSTICS only

end; $;

结果:

NOTICE:  Got exception:
        state  : 42P07
        message: relation "yyy" already exists
        detail : 
        hint   : 
        context: SQL statement "create table yyy(a int)"
PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 11 at SQL statement
NOTICE:  Got exception:
        SQLSTATE: 42P07 
        SQLERRM: relation "yyy" already exists

ERROR:  column "message_text" does not exist
LINE 1: SELECT message_text
               ^
QUERY:  SELECT message_text
CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 33 at RAISE
SQL state: 42703

除了 < code>GET STACKED DIAGNOSTICS 符合 SQL 标准,其诊断变量(例如,message_text)仅与 GSD 相关。因此,如果您的表中有一个名为 message_text 的字段,GSD 就不可能干扰您的字段值。

但仍然没有行号。

To catch the error message and its code:

do $       
begin

    create table yyy(a int);
    create table yyy(a int); -- this will cause an error

exception when others then 

    raise notice 'The transaction is in an uncommittable state. '
                 'Transaction was rolled back';

    raise notice '% %', SQLERRM, SQLSTATE;

end; $ 
language 'plpgsql';

Haven't found the line number yet

UPDATE April, 16, 2019

As suggested by Diego Scaravaggi, for Postgres 9.2 and up, use GET STACKED DIAGNOSTICS:

do language plpgsql $
declare
    v_state   TEXT;
    v_msg     TEXT;
    v_detail  TEXT;
    v_hint    TEXT;
    v_context TEXT;
begin

    create table yyy(a int);
    create table yyy(a int); -- this will cause an error

exception when others then 

    get stacked diagnostics
        v_state   = returned_sqlstate,
        v_msg     = message_text,
        v_detail  = pg_exception_detail,
        v_hint    = pg_exception_hint,
        v_context = pg_exception_context;

    raise notice E'Got exception:
        state  : %
        message: %
        detail : %
        hint   : %
        context: %', v_state, v_msg, v_detail, v_hint, v_context;

    raise notice E'Got exception:
        SQLSTATE: % 
        SQLERRM: %', SQLSTATE, SQLERRM;     

    raise notice '%', message_text; -- invalid. message_text is contextual to GET STACKED DIAGNOSTICS only

end; $;

Result:

NOTICE:  Got exception:
        state  : 42P07
        message: relation "yyy" already exists
        detail : 
        hint   : 
        context: SQL statement "create table yyy(a int)"
PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 11 at SQL statement
NOTICE:  Got exception:
        SQLSTATE: 42P07 
        SQLERRM: relation "yyy" already exists

ERROR:  column "message_text" does not exist
LINE 1: SELECT message_text
               ^
QUERY:  SELECT message_text
CONTEXT:  PL/pgSQL function inline_code_block line 33 at RAISE
SQL state: 42703

Aside from GET STACKED DIAGNOSTICS is SQL standard-compliant, its diagnostics variables (e.g., message_text) are contextual to GSD only. So if you have a field named message_text in your table, there's no chance that GSD can interfere with your field's value.

Still no line number though.

丶情人眼里出诗心の 2024-10-22 17:30:59

使用 DO 语句,这是 9.0 版本中的新选项:

DO LANGUAGE plpgsql
$
BEGIN
CREATE TABLE "Logs"."Events"
    (
        EventId BIGSERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
        PrimaryKeyId bigint NOT NULL,
        EventDateTime date NOT NULL DEFAULT(now()),
        Action varchar(12) NOT NULL,
        UserId integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "Office"."Users"(UserId),
        PrincipalUserId varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT(user)
    );

    CREATE TABLE "Logs"."EventDetails"
    (
        EventDetailId BIGSERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
        EventId bigint NOT NULL REFERENCES "Logs"."Events"(EventId),
        Resource varchar(64) NOT NULL,
        OldVal varchar(4000) NOT NULL,
        NewVal varchar(4000) NOT NULL
    );

    RAISE NOTICE 'Task completed sucessfully.';    
END;
$;

Use the DO statement, a new option in version 9.0:

DO LANGUAGE plpgsql
$
BEGIN
CREATE TABLE "Logs"."Events"
    (
        EventId BIGSERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
        PrimaryKeyId bigint NOT NULL,
        EventDateTime date NOT NULL DEFAULT(now()),
        Action varchar(12) NOT NULL,
        UserId integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "Office"."Users"(UserId),
        PrincipalUserId varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT(user)
    );

    CREATE TABLE "Logs"."EventDetails"
    (
        EventDetailId BIGSERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
        EventId bigint NOT NULL REFERENCES "Logs"."Events"(EventId),
        Resource varchar(64) NOT NULL,
        OldVal varchar(4000) NOT NULL,
        NewVal varchar(4000) NOT NULL
    );

    RAISE NOTICE 'Task completed sucessfully.';    
END;
$;
尽揽少女心 2024-10-22 17:30:59

例如,您可以将其编写为 psql 脚本,

START TRANSACTION;
CREATE TABLE ...
CREATE TABLE ...
COMMIT;
\echo 'Task completed sucessfully.'

并在运行时使用

psql -f somefile.sql

参数引发错误,这在 PostgreSQL 中是不可能直接实现的。在移植此类代码时,有些人将必要的信息编码在错误字符串中,并在必要时将其解析出来。

这一切的运作方式都有点不同,所以准备好重新学习/重新思考/重写很多东西。

You could write this as a psql script, e.g.,

START TRANSACTION;
CREATE TABLE ...
CREATE TABLE ...
COMMIT;
\echo 'Task completed sucessfully.'

and run with

psql -f somefile.sql

Raising errors with parameters isn't possible in PostgreSQL directly. When porting such code, some people encode the necessary information in the error string and parse it out if necessary.

It all works a bit differently, so be prepared to relearn/rethink/rewrite a lot of things.

ま昔日黯然 2024-10-22 17:30:59

只是想在这个旧帖子上添加我的两分钱:

在我看来,几乎所有关系数据库引擎都在执行 DDL 命令后自动执行提交事务,即使你有 autocommit=false,所以你不需要启动一个事务以避免潜在的截断对象创建,因为这是完全没有必要的。

Just want to add my two cents on this old post:

In my opinion, almost all of relational database engines include a commit transaction execution automatically after execute a DDL command even when you have autocommit=false, So you don't need to start a transaction to avoid a potential truncated object creation because It is completely unnecessary.

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