我如何循环遍历 C++地图的地图?

发布于 2024-10-14 21:39:29 字数 417 浏览 7 评论 0原文

如何在 C++ 中循环遍历 std::map?我的地图定义为:

std::map< std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string> >

例如,上面的容器保存如下数据:

m["name1"]["value1"] = "data1";
m["name1"]["value2"] = "data2";
m["name2"]["value1"] = "data1";
m["name2"]["value2"] = "data2";
m["name3"]["value1"] = "data1";
m["name3"]["value2"] = "data2";

我如何循环遍历此地图并访问各种值?

How can I loop through a std::map in C++? My map is defined as:

std::map< std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string> >

For example, the above container holds data like this:

m["name1"]["value1"] = "data1";
m["name1"]["value2"] = "data2";
m["name2"]["value1"] = "data1";
m["name2"]["value2"] = "data2";
m["name3"]["value1"] = "data1";
m["name3"]["value2"] = "data2";

How can I loop through this map and access the various values?

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评论(9

不念旧人 2024-10-21 21:39:30

您可以使用迭代器。

typedef std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string>>::iterator it_type;
for(it_type iterator = m.begin(); iterator != m.end(); iterator++) {
    // iterator->first = key
    // iterator->second = value
    // Repeat if you also want to iterate through the second map.
}

You can use an iterator.

typedef std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string>>::iterator it_type;
for(it_type iterator = m.begin(); iterator != m.end(); iterator++) {
    // iterator->first = key
    // iterator->second = value
    // Repeat if you also want to iterate through the second map.
}
夜巴黎 2024-10-21 21:39:30
for(std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string> >::iterator outer_iter=map.begin(); outer_iter!=map.end(); ++outer_iter) {
    for(std::map<std::string, std::string>::iterator inner_iter=outer_iter->second.begin(); inner_iter!=outer_iter->second.end(); ++inner_iter) {
        std::cout << inner_iter->second << std::endl;
    }
}

或者在 C++0x 中更好:

for(auto outer_iter=map.begin(); outer_iter!=map.end(); ++outer_iter) {
    for(auto inner_iter=outer_iter->second.begin(); inner_iter!=outer_iter->second.end(); ++inner_iter) {
        std::cout << inner_iter->second << std::endl;
    }
}
for(std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string> >::iterator outer_iter=map.begin(); outer_iter!=map.end(); ++outer_iter) {
    for(std::map<std::string, std::string>::iterator inner_iter=outer_iter->second.begin(); inner_iter!=outer_iter->second.end(); ++inner_iter) {
        std::cout << inner_iter->second << std::endl;
    }
}

or nicer in C++0x:

for(auto outer_iter=map.begin(); outer_iter!=map.end(); ++outer_iter) {
    for(auto inner_iter=outer_iter->second.begin(); inner_iter!=outer_iter->second.end(); ++inner_iter) {
        std::cout << inner_iter->second << std::endl;
    }
}
苏大泽ㄣ 2024-10-21 21:39:30

使用 C++17(或更高版本),您可以使用“结构化绑定”功能,该功能允许您使用单个元组/对定义具有不同名称的多个变量。示例:

for (const auto& [name, description] : planet_descriptions) {
    std::cout << "Planet " << name << ":\n" << description << "\n\n";
}

原始提案(由杰出人物 Bjarne Stroustrup、Herb Sutter 和 Gabriel Dos Reis)读起来很有趣(恕我直言,建议的语法更直观);还有标准的拟议措辞 读起来很无聊,但更接近实际内容。

With C++17 (or later), you can use the "structured bindings" feature, which lets you define multiple variables, with different names, using a single tuple/pair. Example:

for (const auto& [name, description] : planet_descriptions) {
    std::cout << "Planet " << name << ":\n" << description << "\n\n";
}

The original proposal (by luminaries Bjarne Stroustrup, Herb Sutter and Gabriel Dos Reis) is fun to read (and the suggested syntax is more intuitive IMHO); there's also the proposed wording for the standard which is boring to read but is closer to what will actually go in.

做个少女永远怀春 2024-10-21 21:39:30

做这样的事情:

typedef std::map<std::string, std::string> InnerMap;
typedef std::map<std::string, InnerMap> OuterMap;

Outermap mm;

...//set the initial values

for (OuterMap::iterator i = mm.begin(); i != mm.end(); ++i) {
    InnerMap &im = i->second;
    for (InnerMap::iterator ii = im.begin(); ii != im.end(); ++ii) {
        std::cout << "map[" 
                  << i->first 
                  << "][" 
                  << ii->first 
                  << "] =" 
                  << ii->second 
                  << '\n';
    }
}   

Do something like this:

typedef std::map<std::string, std::string> InnerMap;
typedef std::map<std::string, InnerMap> OuterMap;

Outermap mm;

...//set the initial values

for (OuterMap::iterator i = mm.begin(); i != mm.end(); ++i) {
    InnerMap &im = i->second;
    for (InnerMap::iterator ii = im.begin(); ii != im.end(); ++ii) {
        std::cout << "map[" 
                  << i->first 
                  << "][" 
                  << ii->first 
                  << "] =" 
                  << ii->second 
                  << '\n';
    }
}   
唠甜嗑 2024-10-21 21:39:30

C++11:

std::map< std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string> > m;
m["name1"]["value1"] = "data1";
m["name1"]["value2"] = "data2";
m["name2"]["value1"] = "data1";
m["name2"]["value2"] = "data2";
m["name3"]["value1"] = "data1";
m["name3"]["value2"] = "data2";

for (auto i : m)
    for (auto j : i.second)
        cout << i.first.c_str() << ":" << j.first.c_str() << ":" << j.second.c_str() << endl;

输出:

name1:value1:data1
name1:value2:data2
name2:value1:data1
name2:value2:data2
name3:value1:data1
name3:value2:data2

C++11:

std::map< std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string> > m;
m["name1"]["value1"] = "data1";
m["name1"]["value2"] = "data2";
m["name2"]["value1"] = "data1";
m["name2"]["value2"] = "data2";
m["name3"]["value1"] = "data1";
m["name3"]["value2"] = "data2";

for (auto i : m)
    for (auto j : i.second)
        cout << i.first.c_str() << ":" << j.first.c_str() << ":" << j.second.c_str() << endl;

output:

name1:value1:data1
name1:value2:data2
name2:value1:data1
name2:value2:data2
name3:value1:data1
name3:value2:data2
触ぅ动初心 2024-10-21 21:39:30

正如einpoklum他们的答案中提到的,自从C++17 您还可以使用 结构化绑定声明。我想通过提供一个完整的解决方案来扩展这一点,以一种舒适的方式迭代地图的地图:

int main() {
    std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string>> m {
        {"name1", {{"value1", "data1"}, {"value2", "data2"}}},
        {"name2", {{"value1", "data1"}, {"value2", "data2"}}},
        {"name3", {{"value1", "data1"}, {"value2", "data2"}}}
    };

    for (const auto& [k1, v1] : m)
        for (const auto& [k2, v2] : v1)
            std::cout << "m[" << k1 << "][" << k2 << "]=" << v2 << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

输出:

m[名称1][值1]=数据1
m[名称1][值2]=数据2
m[名称2][值1]=数据1
m[名称2][值2]=数据2
m[名称3][值1]=数据1
m[名称3][值2]=数据2

注释 1: 为了填充地图,我使用了 初始化列表(这是一个 C++ 11 功能)。有时这可以方便地保持固定初始化的紧凑性。

注2:如果要在循环内修改映射m,则必须删除const 关键字。

Coliru 上的代码

As einpoklum mentioned in their answer, since C++17 you can also use structured binding declarations. I want to extend on that by providing a full solution for iterating over a map of maps in a comfortable way:

int main() {
    std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string>> m {
        {"name1", {{"value1", "data1"}, {"value2", "data2"}}},
        {"name2", {{"value1", "data1"}, {"value2", "data2"}}},
        {"name3", {{"value1", "data1"}, {"value2", "data2"}}}
    };

    for (const auto& [k1, v1] : m)
        for (const auto& [k2, v2] : v1)
            std::cout << "m[" << k1 << "][" << k2 << "]=" << v2 << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

Output:

m[name1][value1]=data1
m[name1][value2]=data2
m[name2][value1]=data1
m[name2][value2]=data2
m[name3][value1]=data1
m[name3][value2]=data2

Note 1: For filling the map, I used an initializer list (which is a C++11 feature). This can sometimes be handy to keep fixed initializations compact.

Note 2: If you want to modify the map m within the loops, you have to remove the const keywords.

Code on Coliru

在梵高的星空下 2024-10-21 21:39:30

使用 std::map< std::string、std::map>::const_iterator 当映射是 const 时。

use std::map< std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string> >::const_iterator when map is const.

是伱的 2024-10-21 21:39:30

第一个解决方案是使用 range_based for 循环,例如:

注意:当 range_expression 的类型为 std::map 时,range_declaration 的类型为std::pair

for ( range_declaration : range_expression )      
  //loop_statement

代码1:

typedef std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string>> StringToStringMap;

StringToStringMap my_map;

for(const auto &pair1 : my_map) 
{
   // Type of pair1 is std::pair<std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string>>
   // pair1.first point to std::string (first key)
   // pair1.second point to std::map<std::string, std::string> (inner map)
   for(const auto &pair2 : pair1.second) 
   {
       // pair2.first is the second(inner) key
       // pair2.second is the value
   }
}

第二种解决方案:

代码2

typedef std::map<std::string, std::string> StringMap;
typedef std::map<std::string, StringMap> StringToStringMap;

StringToStringMap my_map;

for(StringToStringMap::iterator it1 = my_map.begin(); it1 != my_map.end(); it1++)
{
    // it1->first point to first key
    // it2->second point to inner map
    for(StringMap::iterator it2 = it1->second.begin(); it2 != it1->second.end(); it2++)
     {
        // it2->second point to value
        // it2->first point to second(inner) key 
     }
 }

First solution is Use range_based for loop, like:

Note: When range_expression’s type is std::map then a range_declaration’s type is std::pair.

for ( range_declaration : range_expression )      
  //loop_statement

Code 1:

typedef std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string>> StringToStringMap;

StringToStringMap my_map;

for(const auto &pair1 : my_map) 
{
   // Type of pair1 is std::pair<std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string>>
   // pair1.first point to std::string (first key)
   // pair1.second point to std::map<std::string, std::string> (inner map)
   for(const auto &pair2 : pair1.second) 
   {
       // pair2.first is the second(inner) key
       // pair2.second is the value
   }
}

The Second Solution:

Code 2

typedef std::map<std::string, std::string> StringMap;
typedef std::map<std::string, StringMap> StringToStringMap;

StringToStringMap my_map;

for(StringToStringMap::iterator it1 = my_map.begin(); it1 != my_map.end(); it1++)
{
    // it1->first point to first key
    // it2->second point to inner map
    for(StringMap::iterator it2 = it1->second.begin(); it2 != it1->second.end(); it2++)
     {
        // it2->second point to value
        // it2->first point to second(inner) key 
     }
 }
画骨成沙 2024-10-21 21:39:29

老问题,但其余答案从 C++11 开始已经过时 - 您可以使用 基于范围的 for 循环 并简单地执行:

std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string>> mymap;

for(auto const &ent1 : mymap) {
  // ent1.first is the first key
  for(auto const &ent2 : ent1.second) {
    // ent2.first is the second key
    // ent2.second is the data
  }
}

这应该比早期版本干净得多,并避免不必要的复制。

有些人赞成用引用变量的显式定义替换注释(如果未使用,则会被优化):

for(auto const &ent1 : mymap) {
  auto const &outer_key = ent1.first;
  auto const &inner_map = ent1.second;
  for(auto const &ent2 : inner_map) {
    auto const &inner_key   = ent2.first;
    auto const &inner_value = ent2.second;
  }
}

C++17 更新:现在可以使用结构化绑定进一步简化这一点,如下所示:

for(auto const &[outer_key, inner_map] : mymap) {
  for(auto const &[inner_key, inner_value] : inner_map) {
    // access your outer_key, inner_key and inner_value directly
  }
}

Old question but the remaining answers are outdated as of C++11 - you can use a ranged based for loop and simply do:

std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string>> mymap;

for(auto const &ent1 : mymap) {
  // ent1.first is the first key
  for(auto const &ent2 : ent1.second) {
    // ent2.first is the second key
    // ent2.second is the data
  }
}

this should be much cleaner than the earlier versions, and avoids unnecessary copies.

Some favour replacing the comments with explicit definitions of reference variables (which get optimised away if unused):

for(auto const &ent1 : mymap) {
  auto const &outer_key = ent1.first;
  auto const &inner_map = ent1.second;
  for(auto const &ent2 : inner_map) {
    auto const &inner_key   = ent2.first;
    auto const &inner_value = ent2.second;
  }
}

Update for C++17: it is now possible to simplify this even further using structured bindings, as follows:

for(auto const &[outer_key, inner_map] : mymap) {
  for(auto const &[inner_key, inner_value] : inner_map) {
    // access your outer_key, inner_key and inner_value directly
  }
}
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