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Erlang：supervisor(3)，添加子进程

发布于 2024-10-14 21:32:37 字数 91 浏览 11 评论 0原文

在哪里可以找到有关如何向现有主管添加动态子进程的示例（simple_one_for_one 重新启动策略）？

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怎樣才叫好 2024-10-21 21:32:37

我做了一些研究，以下是我所拥有的。

首先，这是一个监督者的回调模块示例：

-module(root_sup).
-behaviour(supervisor).
-export([start_link/0]).
-export([init/1]).

start_link() ->
     {ok, Pid} = supervisor:start_link({local, ?MODULE}, 
          ?MODULE, []),
     {ok, Pid}.

init(_Args) ->
     RestartStrategy = {simple_one_for_one, 10, 60},
     ChildSpec = {ch1, {ch1, start_link, []},
          permanent, brutal_kill, worker, [ch1]},
     Children = [ChildSpec],
     {ok, {RestartStrategy, Children}}.

这是一个子进程的回调模块，它将动态添加到监督树中：

-module(ch1).

-behaviour(gen_server).

% Callback functions which should be exported
-export([init/1]).
-export([handle_cast/2]).

% user-defined interface functions
-export([start_link/0]).

start_link() ->
     gen_server:start_link(?MODULE, [], []).

init(_Args) ->
     io:format("ch1 has started (~w)~n", [self()]),
     % If the initialization is successful, the function
     % should return {ok,State}, {ok,State,Timeout} ..
     {ok, ch1State}.

handle_cast(calc, State) ->
     io:format("result 2+2=4~n"),
     {noreply, State};
handle_cast(calcbad, State) ->
     io:format("result 1/0~n"),
     1 / 0,
     {noreply, State}.

这就是我们通常启动监督者的方式：

1> ch_sup:start_link().
{ok,<0.33.0>}

现在让我们开始我们的第一个子进程：

2> {ok, Child1Pid} = supervisor:start_child(ch_sup, []).
ch1 has started (<0.35.0>)
{ok,<0.35.0>}

您可以动态启动子进程；让我们启动另一个子进程：

3> {ok, Child2Pid} = supervisor:start_child(ch_sup, []).
ch1 has started (<0.37.0>)
{ok,<0.37.0>}

您可能会看到我们的进程确实启动了（注意最后两个）：

4> erlang:processes().
[<0.0.0>,<0.2.0>,<0.4.0>,<0.5.0>,<0.7.0>,<0.8.0>,<0.9.0>,
 <0.10.0>,<0.11.0>,<0.12.0>,<0.13.0>,<0.14.0>,<0.15.0>,
 <0.16.0>,<0.17.0>,<0.18.0>,<0.19.0>,<0.20.0>,<0.21.0>,
 <0.22.0>,<0.23.0>,<0.24.0>,<0.25.0>,<0.26.0>,<0.27.0>,
 <0.31.0>,<0.33.0>,<0.35.0>,<0.37.0>]

现在让我们让我们的第一个子进程做一些事情：

5> gen_server:cast(Child1Pid, calc).
result 2+2=4
ok

到目前为止，一切都很好。现在我们将让我们的第一个子进程评估一些错误的代码：

6> gen_server:cast(Child1Pid, calcbad).
result 1/0
ok    
7> 
=ERROR REPORT==== 10-Feb-2011::01:32:15 ===
** Generic server <0.35.0> terminating 
** Last message in was {'$gen_cast',calcbad}
** When Server state == ch1State
** Reason for termination == 
** {'function not exported',
       [{ch1,terminate,
            [{badarith,
                 [{ch1,handle_cast,2},
                  {gen_server,handle_msg,5},
                  {proc_lib,init_p_do_apply,3}]},
             ch1State]},
        {gen_server,terminate,6},
        {proc_lib,init_p_do_apply,3}]}
ch1 has started (<0.42.0>)
7>

在报告中，您可能会看到除以零导致异常并且进程被终止。但主管会处理它并立即启动另一个子进程（注意最后一行）。

我们可以检查以确保我们之前启动的另一个子进程仍然存在（注意 <0.37.0>）：

7> erlang:processes().                 
[<0.0.0>,<0.2.0>,<0.4.0>,<0.5.0>,<0.7.0>,<0.8.0>,<0.9.0>,
 <0.10.0>,<0.11.0>,<0.12.0>,<0.13.0>,<0.14.0>,<0.15.0>,
 <0.16.0>,<0.17.0>,<0.18.0>,<0.19.0>,<0.20.0>,<0.21.0>,
 <0.22.0>,<0.23.0>,<0.24.0>,<0.25.0>,<0.26.0>,<0.27.0>,
 <0.31.0>,<0.33.0>,<0.37.0>,<0.42.0>]
8>

我们甚至可以让它为我们做一些事情：

8> gen_server:cast(Child2Pid, calc).   
result 2+2=4
9>

以下是 Erlang 手册您想要阅读的页面：

I did some research, and below is what I have.

First, this is a sample callback module of a supervisor:

-module(root_sup).
-behaviour(supervisor).
-export([start_link/0]).
-export([init/1]).

start_link() ->
     {ok, Pid} = supervisor:start_link({local, ?MODULE}, 
          ?MODULE, []),
     {ok, Pid}.

init(_Args) ->
     RestartStrategy = {simple_one_for_one, 10, 60},
     ChildSpec = {ch1, {ch1, start_link, []},
          permanent, brutal_kill, worker, [ch1]},
     Children = [ChildSpec],
     {ok, {RestartStrategy, Children}}.

And this is a callback module of a child which will be added to the suprervision tree dynamically:

-module(ch1).

-behaviour(gen_server).

% Callback functions which should be exported
-export([init/1]).
-export([handle_cast/2]).

% user-defined interface functions
-export([start_link/0]).

start_link() ->
     gen_server:start_link(?MODULE, [], []).

init(_Args) ->
     io:format("ch1 has started (~w)~n", [self()]),
     % If the initialization is successful, the function
     % should return {ok,State}, {ok,State,Timeout} ..
     {ok, ch1State}.

handle_cast(calc, State) ->
     io:format("result 2+2=4~n"),
     {noreply, State};
handle_cast(calcbad, State) ->
     io:format("result 1/0~n"),
     1 / 0,
     {noreply, State}.

This is how we usually start the supervisor:

1> ch_sup:start_link().
{ok,<0.33.0>}

Now let's start our first child process:

2> {ok, Child1Pid} = supervisor:start_child(ch_sup, []).
ch1 has started (<0.35.0>)
{ok,<0.35.0>}

You can dynamically start child processes; let's start another child:

3> {ok, Child2Pid} = supervisor:start_child(ch_sup, []).
ch1 has started (<0.37.0>)
{ok,<0.37.0>}

You may see that our processes did start (note the last two):

4> erlang:processes().
[<0.0.0>,<0.2.0>,<0.4.0>,<0.5.0>,<0.7.0>,<0.8.0>,<0.9.0>,
 <0.10.0>,<0.11.0>,<0.12.0>,<0.13.0>,<0.14.0>,<0.15.0>,
 <0.16.0>,<0.17.0>,<0.18.0>,<0.19.0>,<0.20.0>,<0.21.0>,
 <0.22.0>,<0.23.0>,<0.24.0>,<0.25.0>,<0.26.0>,<0.27.0>,
 <0.31.0>,<0.33.0>,<0.35.0>,<0.37.0>]

Now let's make our first child process do something:

5> gen_server:cast(Child1Pid, calc).
result 2+2=4
ok

So far, so good. Now we'll make our first child to evaluate some bad code:

6> gen_server:cast(Child1Pid, calcbad).
result 1/0
ok    
7> 
=ERROR REPORT==== 10-Feb-2011::01:32:15 ===
** Generic server <0.35.0> terminating 
** Last message in was {'$gen_cast',calcbad}
** When Server state == ch1State
** Reason for termination == 
** {'function not exported',
       [{ch1,terminate,
            [{badarith,
                 [{ch1,handle_cast,2},
                  {gen_server,handle_msg,5},
                  {proc_lib,init_p_do_apply,3}]},
             ch1State]},
        {gen_server,terminate,6},
        {proc_lib,init_p_do_apply,3}]}
ch1 has started (<0.42.0>)
7>

In the report, you may see that the division by zero caused an exception and the process was terminated. But the supervisor takes care of it and immediately starts another child process (note the last line).

We can check to make sure that the other child process we started previously is still alive (note <0.37.0>):

7> erlang:processes().                 
[<0.0.0>,<0.2.0>,<0.4.0>,<0.5.0>,<0.7.0>,<0.8.0>,<0.9.0>,
 <0.10.0>,<0.11.0>,<0.12.0>,<0.13.0>,<0.14.0>,<0.15.0>,
 <0.16.0>,<0.17.0>,<0.18.0>,<0.19.0>,<0.20.0>,<0.21.0>,
 <0.22.0>,<0.23.0>,<0.24.0>,<0.25.0>,<0.26.0>,<0.27.0>,
 <0.31.0>,<0.33.0>,<0.37.0>,<0.42.0>]
8>

We can even make it do something for us:

8> gen_server:cast(Child2Pid, calc).   
result 2+2=4
9>

The following are the Erlang manual pages you'll want to read:

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相对绾红妆 2024-10-21 21:32:37

在主管行为部分中。 erlang.org/doc/design_principles/users_guide.html" rel="noreferrer">OTP 设计原则是 Erlang 文档的一部分，其中有一个如何使用 simple_one_for_one 和动态子项的示例。我推荐整个设计原则部分，因为它提供了对 OTP 工作原理的深入了解。

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