通过内存/CPU 效率分析特定时间间隔内的近实时数据所需的想法

发布于 2024-10-14 09:17:29 字数 7354 浏览 2 评论 0原文

我有一些环境传感器,我想检测温度的突然变化,以及随着时间的推移的缓慢趋势......但是我想根据内存中的参数进行大部分数学计算,参数可能如下所示:(取决于变化)

(注:括号中的项目是在添加数据时实时计算的)

  • 5 分钟(导数、最大值、最小值、平均值)+ 最近 3 小时的 36 个数据点
  • 10 分钟(导数、最大值、最小值、平均值)+ 0 个数据点,计算基于 5 分钟样本
  • 30 分钟(导数、最大值、最小值、平均值)+ 0 个数据点,计算基于 5 分钟样本
  • 每小时(导数、最大值、最小值、平均值)+ 最近 1 天的 24 个数据点
  • 每日(导数) ,最大值,最小值,平均值)+最近一个月的 32 个数据点
  • 每月(导数,最大值,最小值,平均值)+过去一年的 12 个数据点

每个数据点都是两个字节浮点数。因此每个传感器将消耗最多 124 个浮点,加上 24 个计算变量。我希望支持 .NET 嵌入式设备允许的尽可能多的传感器。

由于我在这个项目中使用嵌入式设备,因此我的内存以及 IO 和 CPU 能力都受到限制。

您将如何在 .NET 中实现这一点?到目前为止,我已经创建了几个结构体并将其称为“TrackableFloat”,其中插入值会导致旧结构体从数组中删除并完成重新计算。

唯一让这一切变得更美好的是 比实际情况复杂的是 对于任何传感器不报告回来 数据,那么该数据点需要是 从所有后续的内容中排除/忽略 实时计算。

当一切都说完并完成后,如果任何值:(导数、最大值、最小值、平均值)达到预定义的设置,那么 .NET 事件就会触发,

我认为有人会认为这是一个有趣的问题,并且会喜欢听听他们将如何实施它。

  1. 你会使用类还是结构体?

  2. 您将如何触发计算? (最有可能发生的事件)

  3. 如何触发警报?

  4. 您将如何分层存储数据?

  5. 是否有一个库已经做了类似的事情? (也许这应该是我的第一个问题)

  6. 您将如何有效地计算导数?

这是我对此的第一次破解,它没有完全符合规范,但非常有效。有兴趣听听您的想法。

enum UnitToTrackEnum
{
    Minute,
    FiveMinute,
    TenMinute,
    FifteenMinute,
    Hour,
    Day,
    Week,
    Month,
    unknown
}
class TrackableFloat
{
    object Gate = new object();

    UnitToTrackEnum trackingMode = UnitToTrackEnum.unknown;
    int ValidFloats = 0;
    float[] FloatsToTrack;

    public TrackableFloat(int HistoryLength, UnitToTrackEnum unitToTrack)
    {
        if (unitToTrack == UnitToTrackEnum.unknown)
            throw new InvalidOperationException("You must not have an unknown measure of time to track.");

        FloatsToTrack = new float[HistoryLength];

        foreach (var i in FloatsToTrack)
        {
            float[i] = float.MaxValue;
        }


        trackingMode = unitToTrack;

        Min = float.MaxValue;
        Max = float.MinValue;
        Sum = 0;
    }
    public void Add(DateTime dt, float value)
    {
        int RoundedDTUnit = 0;

        switch (trackingMode)
        {
            case UnitToTrackEnum.Minute:
                {
                    RoundedDTUnit = dt.Minute;
                    break;
                }
            case UnitToTrackEnum.FiveMinute:
                {
                    RoundedDTUnit = System.Math.Abs(dt.Minute / 5);
                    break;
                }
            case UnitToTrackEnum.TenMinute:
                {
                    RoundedDTUnit = System.Math.Abs(dt.Minute / 10);
                    break;
                }
            case UnitToTrackEnum.FifteenMinute:
                {
                    RoundedDTUnit = System.Math.Abs(dt.Minute / 15);
                    break;
                }
            case UnitToTrackEnum.Hour:
                {
                    RoundedDTUnit = dt.Hour;
                    break;
                }
            case UnitToTrackEnum.Day:
                {
                    RoundedDTUnit = dt.Day;
                    break;
                }
            case UnitToTrackEnum.Week:
                {
                    //RoundedDTUnit = System.Math.Abs( );
                    break;
                }
            case UnitToTrackEnum.Month:
                {
                    RoundedDTUnit = dt.Month;
                    break;
                }
            case UnitToTrackEnum.unknown:
                {
                    throw new InvalidOperationException("You must not have an unknown measure of time to track.");
                }
            default:
                break;
        }


        bool DoRefreshMaxMin = false;
        if (FloatsToTrack.Length < RoundedDTUnit)
        {
            if (value == float.MaxValue || value == float.MinValue)
            {
                // If invalid data...
                lock (Gate)
                {
                    // Get rid of old data...
                    var OldValue = FloatsToTrack[RoundedDTUnit];
                    if (OldValue != float.MaxValue || OldValue != float.MinValue)
                    {
                        Sum -= OldValue;
                        ValidFloats--;

                        if (OldValue == Max || OldValue == Min)
                            DoRefreshMaxMin = true;
                    }

                    // Save new data
                    FloatsToTrack[RoundedDTUnit] = value;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                lock (Gate)
                {
                    // Get rid of old data...
                    var OldValue = FloatsToTrack[RoundedDTUnit];
                    if (OldValue != float.MaxValue || OldValue != float.MinValue)
                    {
                        Sum -= OldValue;
                        ValidFloats--;
                    }

                    // Save new data
                    FloatsToTrack[RoundedDTUnit] = value;
                    Sum += value;
                    ValidFloats++;

                    if (value < Min)
                        Min = value;

                    if (value > Max)
                        Max = value;

                    if (OldValue == Max || OldValue == Min)
                        DoRefreshMaxMin = true;
                }
            }

            // Function is placed here to avoid a deadlock
            if (DoRefreshMaxMin == true)
                RefreshMaxMin();
        }
        else
        {
            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("Index " + RoundedDTUnit + " is out of range for tracking mode: " + trackingMode.ToString());
        }
    }

    public float Sum { get; set; }
    public float Average
    {
        get
        {
            if (ValidFloats > 0)
                return Sum / ValidFloats;
            else
                return float.MaxValue;
        }
    }
    public float Min { get; set; }
    public float Max { get; set; }
    public float Derivative { get; set; }

    public void RefreshCounters()
    {
        lock (Gate)
        {
            float sum = 0;
            ValidFloats = 0;

            Min = float.MaxValue;
            Max = float.MinValue;

            foreach (var i in FloatsToTrack)
            {
                if (i != float.MaxValue || i != float.MinValue)
                {
                    if (Min == float.MaxValue)
                    {
                        Min = i;
                        Max = i;
                    }

                    sum += i;
                    ValidFloats++;

                    if (i < Min)
                        Min = i;

                    if (i > Max)
                        Max = i;
                }
            }
            Sum = sum;
        }
    }
    public void RefreshMaxMin()
    {
        if (ValidFloats > 0)
        {
            Min = float.MaxValue;
            Max = float.MinValue;

            lock (Gate)
            {
                foreach (var i in FloatsToTrack)
                {
                    if (i != float.MaxValue || i != float.MinValue)
                    {
                        if (i < Min)
                            Min = i;

                        if (i > Max)
                            Max = i;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

I have some environmental sensors and I want to detect sudden changes in temperature, and slow trends over time... however I'd like to do most of the math based on what's in memory with parameters that may look like this: (subject to change)

(note: Items in parens are computed in realtime as data is added)

  • 5 minute (derivative, max, min, avg) + 36 datapoints for most current 3 hours
  • 10 minute (derivative, max, min, avg) + 0 datapoints, calc is based on 5min sample
  • 30 minute (derivative, max, min, avg) + 0 datapoints, calc is based on 5 min sample
  • Hourly (derivative, max, min, avg) + 24 datapoints for most current 1 day
  • Daily (derivative, max,min,avg) + 32 datapoints for most current month
  • Monthly (derivative, max,min,avg) + 12 datapoints for past year

Each datapoint is a two byte float. So each sensor will consume up to 124 Floats, plus the 24 calculated variables. I'd like to support as many sensors as the .NET embededd device will permit.

Since I'm using an embedded device for this project, my memory is constrained and so is my IO and CPU power.

How would you go about implementing this in .NET? So far, I've created a couple of structs and called it a "TrackableFloat" where the insertion of a value causes the old one to drop off the array and a recalculation is done.

The only thing that makes this more
complicated than it would be, is that
for any sensor does not report back
data, then that datapoint needs to be
excluded/ignored from all subsequent
realtime calulations.

When all is said and done, if any of the values: (derivative, max,min,avg) reach a pre defined setting, then a .NET event fires

I think someone out there will think this is an interesting problem, and would love to hear how they would approach implementing it.

  1. Would you use a Class or a Struct?

  2. How would you trigger the calculations? (Events most likely)

  3. How would the alerts be triggered?

  4. How would you store the data, in tiers?

  5. Is there a library that already does something like this? (maybe that should be my first question )

  6. How would you efficiently calculate the derivative?

Here is my first crack at this, and it doesn't completely hit the spec, but is very efficient. Would be interested in hearing your thoughts.

enum UnitToTrackEnum
{
    Minute,
    FiveMinute,
    TenMinute,
    FifteenMinute,
    Hour,
    Day,
    Week,
    Month,
    unknown
}
class TrackableFloat
{
    object Gate = new object();

    UnitToTrackEnum trackingMode = UnitToTrackEnum.unknown;
    int ValidFloats = 0;
    float[] FloatsToTrack;

    public TrackableFloat(int HistoryLength, UnitToTrackEnum unitToTrack)
    {
        if (unitToTrack == UnitToTrackEnum.unknown)
            throw new InvalidOperationException("You must not have an unknown measure of time to track.");

        FloatsToTrack = new float[HistoryLength];

        foreach (var i in FloatsToTrack)
        {
            float[i] = float.MaxValue;
        }


        trackingMode = unitToTrack;

        Min = float.MaxValue;
        Max = float.MinValue;
        Sum = 0;
    }
    public void Add(DateTime dt, float value)
    {
        int RoundedDTUnit = 0;

        switch (trackingMode)
        {
            case UnitToTrackEnum.Minute:
                {
                    RoundedDTUnit = dt.Minute;
                    break;
                }
            case UnitToTrackEnum.FiveMinute:
                {
                    RoundedDTUnit = System.Math.Abs(dt.Minute / 5);
                    break;
                }
            case UnitToTrackEnum.TenMinute:
                {
                    RoundedDTUnit = System.Math.Abs(dt.Minute / 10);
                    break;
                }
            case UnitToTrackEnum.FifteenMinute:
                {
                    RoundedDTUnit = System.Math.Abs(dt.Minute / 15);
                    break;
                }
            case UnitToTrackEnum.Hour:
                {
                    RoundedDTUnit = dt.Hour;
                    break;
                }
            case UnitToTrackEnum.Day:
                {
                    RoundedDTUnit = dt.Day;
                    break;
                }
            case UnitToTrackEnum.Week:
                {
                    //RoundedDTUnit = System.Math.Abs( );
                    break;
                }
            case UnitToTrackEnum.Month:
                {
                    RoundedDTUnit = dt.Month;
                    break;
                }
            case UnitToTrackEnum.unknown:
                {
                    throw new InvalidOperationException("You must not have an unknown measure of time to track.");
                }
            default:
                break;
        }


        bool DoRefreshMaxMin = false;
        if (FloatsToTrack.Length < RoundedDTUnit)
        {
            if (value == float.MaxValue || value == float.MinValue)
            {
                // If invalid data...
                lock (Gate)
                {
                    // Get rid of old data...
                    var OldValue = FloatsToTrack[RoundedDTUnit];
                    if (OldValue != float.MaxValue || OldValue != float.MinValue)
                    {
                        Sum -= OldValue;
                        ValidFloats--;

                        if (OldValue == Max || OldValue == Min)
                            DoRefreshMaxMin = true;
                    }

                    // Save new data
                    FloatsToTrack[RoundedDTUnit] = value;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                lock (Gate)
                {
                    // Get rid of old data...
                    var OldValue = FloatsToTrack[RoundedDTUnit];
                    if (OldValue != float.MaxValue || OldValue != float.MinValue)
                    {
                        Sum -= OldValue;
                        ValidFloats--;
                    }

                    // Save new data
                    FloatsToTrack[RoundedDTUnit] = value;
                    Sum += value;
                    ValidFloats++;

                    if (value < Min)
                        Min = value;

                    if (value > Max)
                        Max = value;

                    if (OldValue == Max || OldValue == Min)
                        DoRefreshMaxMin = true;
                }
            }

            // Function is placed here to avoid a deadlock
            if (DoRefreshMaxMin == true)
                RefreshMaxMin();
        }
        else
        {
            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("Index " + RoundedDTUnit + " is out of range for tracking mode: " + trackingMode.ToString());
        }
    }

    public float Sum { get; set; }
    public float Average
    {
        get
        {
            if (ValidFloats > 0)
                return Sum / ValidFloats;
            else
                return float.MaxValue;
        }
    }
    public float Min { get; set; }
    public float Max { get; set; }
    public float Derivative { get; set; }

    public void RefreshCounters()
    {
        lock (Gate)
        {
            float sum = 0;
            ValidFloats = 0;

            Min = float.MaxValue;
            Max = float.MinValue;

            foreach (var i in FloatsToTrack)
            {
                if (i != float.MaxValue || i != float.MinValue)
                {
                    if (Min == float.MaxValue)
                    {
                        Min = i;
                        Max = i;
                    }

                    sum += i;
                    ValidFloats++;

                    if (i < Min)
                        Min = i;

                    if (i > Max)
                        Max = i;
                }
            }
            Sum = sum;
        }
    }
    public void RefreshMaxMin()
    {
        if (ValidFloats > 0)
        {
            Min = float.MaxValue;
            Max = float.MinValue;

            lock (Gate)
            {
                foreach (var i in FloatsToTrack)
                {
                    if (i != float.MaxValue || i != float.MinValue)
                    {
                        if (i < Min)
                            Min = i;

                        if (i > Max)
                            Max = i;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

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许久 2024-10-21 09:17:29

您应该考虑查看 CEP 库,例如 内斯珀

You should consider looking at a CEP library like Nesper.

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