如何在事先不知道类型的情况下使用 XmlSerializer 反序列化可能属于基类或派生类的对象?

发布于 2024-10-14 04:14:54 字数 1461 浏览 7 评论 0原文

在 C# 中,如何在事先不知道类型的情况下使用 XmlSerializer 反序列化可能属于基类或任何多个派生类的对象?

我的所有派生类都添加了额外的数据成员。我制作了一个简单的 GUI,可以序列化和反序列化类对象。它将根据用户选择填充的字段将对象序列化为适当的继承类(甚至只是基类)。

我对序列化没有任何问题;问题是反序列化。在事先不知道类的情况下,如何让 XmlSerializer 将数据反序列化到正确的派生类?我目前创建了一个 XmlReader 来读取 XML 文件的第一个节点并从中确定类,它似乎可以满足我的目的,但它似乎是一个极其不优雅的解决方案。

我在下面发布了一些示例代码。有什么建议吗?

BaseType objectOfConcern = new BaseType();
XmlSerializer xserializer;
XmlTextReader xtextreader = new XmlTextReader(DEFAULT_FILENAME);

do { xtextreader.Read(); } while (xtextreader.NodeType != XmlNodeType.Element);

string objectType = xtextreader.Name;
xtextreader.Close();

FileStream fstream = new FileStream(DEFAULT_FILENAME, FileMode.Open);

switch (objectType)
    {
case "type1":
    xserializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(DerivedType));

    objectOfConcern = (DerivedType)xserializer.Deserialize(fstream);

    //Load fields specific to that derived type here
    whatever = (objectOfConcern as DerivedType).NoOfstreamubordinates.ToString();

    case "xxx_1":
        //code here

    case "xxx_2":
        //code here

    case "xxx_n":
        //code here

        //and so forth

    case "BaseType":
    xserializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(BaseType));
    AssignEventHandler(xserializer);
    objectOfConcern = (BaseType)xserializer.Deserialize(fstream);
}

//Assign all deserialized values from base class common to all derived classes here

//Close the FileStream
fstream.Close();

In C#, how do I use an XmlSerializer to deserialize an object that might be of a base class, or of any of several derived classes without knowing the type beforehand?

All of my derived classes add additional data members. I've made a simple GUI that can serialize and deserialize class objects. It will serialize objects as whatever inherited class (or even just the base class) is appropriate based on which fields the user chooses to populate.

I have no issues with the serialization; the problem is the deserialization. How can I possibly have the XmlSerializer deserialize data to the correct derived class without knowing the class beforehand? I currently create an XmlReader to read the first node of the XML file and determine the class from it, and it seems to work for my purposes, but it seems like an extremely inelegant solution.

I've posted some sample code below. Any suggestions?

BaseType objectOfConcern = new BaseType();
XmlSerializer xserializer;
XmlTextReader xtextreader = new XmlTextReader(DEFAULT_FILENAME);

do { xtextreader.Read(); } while (xtextreader.NodeType != XmlNodeType.Element);

string objectType = xtextreader.Name;
xtextreader.Close();

FileStream fstream = new FileStream(DEFAULT_FILENAME, FileMode.Open);

switch (objectType)
    {
case "type1":
    xserializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(DerivedType));

    objectOfConcern = (DerivedType)xserializer.Deserialize(fstream);

    //Load fields specific to that derived type here
    whatever = (objectOfConcern as DerivedType).NoOfstreamubordinates.ToString();

    case "xxx_1":
        //code here

    case "xxx_2":
        //code here

    case "xxx_n":
        //code here

        //and so forth

    case "BaseType":
    xserializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(BaseType));
    AssignEventHandler(xserializer);
    objectOfConcern = (BaseType)xserializer.Deserialize(fstream);
}

//Assign all deserialized values from base class common to all derived classes here

//Close the FileStream
fstream.Close();

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评论(5

白龙吟 2024-10-21 04:14:54

您有一些包含派生类型的根类/标签吗?如果是,您可以使用 XmlElementAttribute 将标记名称映射到类型:

public class RootElementClass
{
    [XmlElement(ElementName = "Derived1", Type = typeof(Derived1BaseType))]
    [XmlElement(ElementName = "Derived2", Type = typeof(Derived2BaseType))]
    [XmlElement(ElementName = "Derived3", Type = typeof(Derived3BaseType))]
    public BaseType MyProperty { get; set; }
}

public class BaseType { }
public class Derived1BaseType : BaseType { }
public class Derived2BaseType : BaseType { }
public class Derived3BaseType : BaseType { }

Have you some root class/tag which contains that derived types? If yes, you can use XmlElementAttribute to map tag name to type:

public class RootElementClass
{
    [XmlElement(ElementName = "Derived1", Type = typeof(Derived1BaseType))]
    [XmlElement(ElementName = "Derived2", Type = typeof(Derived2BaseType))]
    [XmlElement(ElementName = "Derived3", Type = typeof(Derived3BaseType))]
    public BaseType MyProperty { get; set; }
}

public class BaseType { }
public class Derived1BaseType : BaseType { }
public class Derived2BaseType : BaseType { }
public class Derived3BaseType : BaseType { }
谁对谁错谁最难过 2024-10-21 04:14:54

我最近为基类 T 和 T 的任何派生类编写了这个通用序列化器\反序列化器。
到目前为止似乎有效。

Type[] 数组存储 T 和 T 本身的所有派生类型。
解串器会尝试其中的每一个,并在找到正确的时返回。

/// <summary>
/// A generic serializer\deserializer
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
public static class Serializer<T>
{
    /// <summary>
    /// serialize an instance to xml
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="instance"> instance to serialize </param>
    /// <returns> instance as xml string </returns>
    public static string Serialize(T instance)
    {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        XmlWriterSettings settings = new XmlWriterSettings();

        using (XmlWriter writer = XmlWriter.Create(sb, settings))
        {
            XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(instance.GetType());
            serializer.Serialize(writer, instance);
        }

        return sb.ToString();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// deserialize an xml into an instance
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="xml"> xml string </param>
    /// <returns> instance </returns>
    public static T Deserialize(string xml)
    {
        using (XmlReader reader = XmlReader.Create(new StringReader(xml)))
        {
            foreach (Type t in types)
            {
                XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(t);
                if (serializer.CanDeserialize(reader))
                    return (T)serializer.Deserialize(reader);
            }
        }

        return default(T);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// store all derived types of T:
    /// is used in deserialization
    /// </summary>
    private static Type[] types = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies()
                                        .SelectMany(s => s.GetTypes())
                                        .Where(t => typeof(T).IsAssignableFrom(t)
                                            && t.IsClass
                                            && !t.IsGenericType)
                                            .ToArray();
}

I recently wrote this generic serializer\deserializer for base class T and any derived classes of T.
Seems to work so far.

The Type[] array stores all the derived types of T and T itself.
The deserializer tries each of them, and returns when it found the right one.

/// <summary>
/// A generic serializer\deserializer
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
public static class Serializer<T>
{
    /// <summary>
    /// serialize an instance to xml
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="instance"> instance to serialize </param>
    /// <returns> instance as xml string </returns>
    public static string Serialize(T instance)
    {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        XmlWriterSettings settings = new XmlWriterSettings();

        using (XmlWriter writer = XmlWriter.Create(sb, settings))
        {
            XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(instance.GetType());
            serializer.Serialize(writer, instance);
        }

        return sb.ToString();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// deserialize an xml into an instance
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="xml"> xml string </param>
    /// <returns> instance </returns>
    public static T Deserialize(string xml)
    {
        using (XmlReader reader = XmlReader.Create(new StringReader(xml)))
        {
            foreach (Type t in types)
            {
                XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(t);
                if (serializer.CanDeserialize(reader))
                    return (T)serializer.Deserialize(reader);
            }
        }

        return default(T);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// store all derived types of T:
    /// is used in deserialization
    /// </summary>
    private static Type[] types = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies()
                                        .SelectMany(s => s.GetTypes())
                                        .Where(t => typeof(T).IsAssignableFrom(t)
                                            && t.IsClass
                                            && !t.IsGenericType)
                                            .ToArray();
}
不弃不离 2024-10-21 04:14:54

如果您不打算使用XmlSerializer,您可以使用DataContractSerializerKnownType 属性代替。

您需要做的就是为每个子类向父类添加一个 KnownType 属性,然后 DataContractSerializer 将完成剩下的工作。

DataContractSerializer 将在序列化为 xml 时添加类型信息,并在反序列化时使用该类型信息来创建正确的类型。

例如,以下代码:

[KnownType( typeof( C2 ) )]
[KnownType( typeof( C3 ) )]
public class C1 {public string P1 {get;set;}}
public class C2 :C1 {public string P2 {get;set;}}
public class C3 :C1 {public string P3 {get;set;}}

class Program
{
  static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    var c1 = new C1{ P1="c1"};
    var c2 = new C2{ P1="c1", P2="c2"};
    var c3 = new C3{ P1="c1", P3="c3"};

    var s = new DataContractSerializer( typeof( C1 ) );
    Test( c1, s );
    Test( c2, s );
    Test( c3, s );
  }

  static void Test( C1 objectToSerialize, DataContractSerializer serializer )
  {
    using ( var stream = new MemoryStream() )
    {
      serializer.WriteObject( stream, objectToSerialize );
      stream.WriteTo( Console.OpenStandardOutput() );
      stream.Position = 0;
      var deserialized = serializer.ReadObject( stream );
      Console.WriteLine( Environment.NewLine + "Deserialized Type: " + deserialized.GetType().FullName );              
    }
  }
}

将输出:

<C1 xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/ConsoleApplication1" xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<P1>c1</P1></C1>

Deserialized Type: ConsoleApplication1.C1

<C1 i:type="C2" xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/ConsoleApplication1" xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<P1>c1</P1><P2>c2</P2></C1>

Deserialized Type: ConsoleApplication1.C2

<C1 i:type="C3" xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/ConsoleApplication1" xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<P1>c1</P1><P3>c3</P3></C1>

Deserialized Type: ConsoleApplication1.C3

在输出中,您会注意到 c2 和 c3 的 xml 包含额外的类型信息,这些信息允许 DataContractSerializer.ReadObject 创建正确的类型。

If you're not set upon using the XmlSerializer you can use the DataContractSerializer with the KnownType attribute instead.

All you need to do is add a KnownType attribute to the parent class for each sub class and the DataContractSerializer will do the rest.

The DataContractSerializer will add type information when serializing to xml and use that type information when deserializing to create the correct type.

For example the following code:

[KnownType( typeof( C2 ) )]
[KnownType( typeof( C3 ) )]
public class C1 {public string P1 {get;set;}}
public class C2 :C1 {public string P2 {get;set;}}
public class C3 :C1 {public string P3 {get;set;}}

class Program
{
  static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    var c1 = new C1{ P1="c1"};
    var c2 = new C2{ P1="c1", P2="c2"};
    var c3 = new C3{ P1="c1", P3="c3"};

    var s = new DataContractSerializer( typeof( C1 ) );
    Test( c1, s );
    Test( c2, s );
    Test( c3, s );
  }

  static void Test( C1 objectToSerialize, DataContractSerializer serializer )
  {
    using ( var stream = new MemoryStream() )
    {
      serializer.WriteObject( stream, objectToSerialize );
      stream.WriteTo( Console.OpenStandardOutput() );
      stream.Position = 0;
      var deserialized = serializer.ReadObject( stream );
      Console.WriteLine( Environment.NewLine + "Deserialized Type: " + deserialized.GetType().FullName );              
    }
  }
}

Will output :

<C1 xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/ConsoleApplication1" xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<P1>c1</P1></C1>

Deserialized Type: ConsoleApplication1.C1

<C1 i:type="C2" xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/ConsoleApplication1" xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<P1>c1</P1><P2>c2</P2></C1>

Deserialized Type: ConsoleApplication1.C2

<C1 i:type="C3" xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/ConsoleApplication1" xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<P1>c1</P1><P3>c3</P3></C1>

Deserialized Type: ConsoleApplication1.C3

In the output you'll notice the xml for c2 and c3 contained extra type information which allowed the DataContractSerializer.ReadObject to create the correct type.

简单 2024-10-21 04:14:54

You could try to use the constructor XmlSerializer(Type type, Type[] extraTypes) to create a serializer that works with all involved types.

提赋 2024-10-21 04:14:54

则可以使用 XmlInclude否则:

[XmlInclude(typeof(MyClass))]
public abstract class MyBaseClass
{
   //...
}

如果您想在序列化时添加类型,

Type[] types = new Type[]{ typeof(MyClass) }

XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(MyBaseClass), types);

you can use XmlInclude

[XmlInclude(typeof(MyClass))]
public abstract class MyBaseClass
{
   //...
}

otherwise if you want to add the types when serializing:

Type[] types = new Type[]{ typeof(MyClass) }

XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(MyBaseClass), types);
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