公共网站应选择哪种 HTML 版本

发布于 2024-10-13 18:26:19 字数 184 浏览 20 评论 0原文

我目前正在一个网站上工作。在研究了 HTML5 及其功能之后，我想继续使用它。我想使用离线存储、数据属性、简单聊天支持等功能，但由于 HTML5 还没有得到很好的支持，我有点困惑。到目前为止我一直使用 XHTML 1.0 过渡；我应该继续使用它还是应该使用 HTML5？

我看到像 google 这样的网络巨头已经完全转向 HTML5 了。

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彼岸花似海 2024-10-20 18:26:19

HTML5 功能

如果您指的是 HTML5 功能，那么您必须了解 HTML5 到底是什么。我认为它具有以前规格的巅峰以及更新和更丰富的功能。它旨在支持现有内容（向后兼容）并支持 Web 应用程序的创建。真正令人惊叹的是它不仅仅止于此。它首次规定了浏览器应如何处理错误处理。

现在，您需要知道并非所有功能都在浏览器中实现。您可以进行 HTML5 浏览器测试来了解哪些有效，哪些无效。这并不意味着它们不起作用！大多数浏览器实际上允许您使用您想要发明的任何元素并为其设计样式。新的 HTML5 标签在不支持它们的浏览器中没有默认样式。

以下 CSS 代码对于大多数浏览器来说就足够了：

section, article, header, footer, nav, aside, hgroup {
  display: block;
}

与往常一样，Internet Explorer (IE) 有特殊需求。只是，有一位名为 Remy Sharp 的 JavaScript 魔术师创建了一个 JavaScript 文件，该文件为 IE 创建每个元素。因此，您可以在页面中添加以下内容：

<!--[if IE]>
  <script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"
  </script>
<![endif]-->

顺便说一句，您必须使用 JavaScript 才能测试新 HTML5 元素的存在，并为那些浏览器无法跟上某些 HTML5 元素速度的用户提供替代选择和属性。这就是为什么有一个通用的 JavaSCript 小函数可以用来做到这一点：

function elementSupportsAttribute(element, attribute) {
  var test = document.createElement(element);
  if(attribute in test)
    return true;
  else
    return false;
}

最后一点，我从书中获得了大部分信息 HTML5 网页设计师。向杰里米·基思致敬！

HTML5 Doctype

如果您指的是新的 doctype ，这就是我要说的...

在 HTML5 中使用以前的 HTML/XHTML 版本的功能并不违法。请注意，新的文档类型没有任何与之关联的编号。这是因为它旨在建立在现有规范的基础上并对未来版本有效。因此，我建议你使用新的文档类型。

您可以查看 W3C 网站上的规范。简而言之，规范说的是......

8.1.1 文档类型
DOCTYPE 是必需的前导码。
旧版需要 DOCTYPE
原因。当省略时，浏览器倾向于
使用不同的渲染模式
与某些不兼容
规格。包括 DOCTYPE
在文档中确保浏览器
尽最大努力
遵循相关规范。
[...]
用于 HTML 目的
无法输出 HTML 的生成器
带有短 DOCTYPE 的标记
“”，DOCTYPE 遗产
字符串可以插入到
DOCTYPE（在定义的位置
上）。

HTML5 Features

If you mean the HTML5 features, you must understand what HTML5 really is. I would define it has the culmination of the previous specs as well as newer and richer features. It is made to support existing content (backward compatible) and to support the creation of web applications. What is really awesome is the fact that it does not only stop there. It states for the first time how browsers should deal with error handling.

Now, you need to know that not all features are implemented in browsers. You can take an HTML5 browser test to know what works and what doesn't. That does not mean that they will not work! Most browsers actually allow you to use and style any element you care to invent. The new HTML5 tags have no default style in browsers that do not support them.

The following CSS code would be enough for most browsers:

section, article, header, footer, nav, aside, hgroup {
  display: block;
}

As always, Internet Explorer (IE) has special needs. Only, there is a JavasScript magician who goes by the name of Remy Sharp that has created a JavaScript file that creates each element for IE. So you could add this in your page:

<!--[if IE]>
  <script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"
  </script>
<![endif]-->

By the way, you will have to use JavaScript to be able to test the existence of new HTML5 elements and give an alternate choice to those who have browsers that are not up to speed with certain HTML5 element and attributes. This is why there is this little generic JavaSCript function that you can use to do just that:

function elementSupportsAttribute(element, attribute) {
  var test = document.createElement(element);
  if(attribute in test)
    return true;
  else
    return false;
}

One last note, I got most of this information from the book HTML5 For Web Designers. Kudos to Jeremy Keith!

HTML5 Doctype

If you mean the new doctype one <!DOCTYPE HTML>, here is what I have to say...

It isn't illegal to use features from previous HTML/XHTML version in HTML5. Note that the new doctype does not have any number associated with it. That is because it is meant to build upon existing specs and to be valid for future versions. Therefore, I say that you go with the new doctype.

You can have a look at the spec on the W3C site. In short the spec says this...

8.1.1 The DOCTYPE
A DOCTYPE is a required preamble.
DOCTYPEs are required for legacy
reasons. When omitted, browsers tend
to use a different rendering mode that
is incompatible with some
specifications. Including the DOCTYPE
in a document ensures that the browser
makes a best-effort attempt at
following the relevant specifications.
[...]
For the purposes of HTML
generators that cannot output HTML
markup with the short DOCTYPE
"<!DOCTYPE html>", a DOCTYPE legacy
string may be inserted into the
DOCTYPE (in the position defined
above).