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是否在 /usr/local/lib 中搜索共享库？

发布于 2024-10-13 17:38:14 字数 1197 浏览 5 评论 0原文

是否在 /usr/local/lib 中搜索共享库？我有这个错误：

[Leo@chessman ~]$ whereis ffmpeg
ffmpeg: /usr/local/bin/ffmpeg
[Leo@chessman ~]$ ffmpeg
ffmpeg: error while loading shared libraries: libavcore.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[Leo@chessman ~]$ ls /usr/local/lib/libav*
/usr/local/lib/libavcodec.a            /usr/local/lib/libavfilter.a
/usr/local/lib/libavcodec.so           /usr/local/lib/libavfilter.so
/usr/local/lib/libavcodec.so.52        /usr/local/lib/libavfilter.so.1
/usr/local/lib/libavcodec.so.52.108.0  /usr/local/lib/libavfilter.so.1.74.0
/usr/local/lib/libavcore.a             /usr/local/lib/libavformat.a
/usr/local/lib/libavcore.so            /usr/local/lib/libavformat.so
/usr/local/lib/libavcore.so.0          /usr/local/lib/libavformat.so.52
/usr/local/lib/libavcore.so.0.16.1     /usr/local/lib/libavformat.so.52.94.0
/usr/local/lib/libavdevice.a           /usr/local/lib/libavutil.a
/usr/local/lib/libavdevice.so          /usr/local/lib/libavutil.so
/usr/local/lib/libavdevice.so.52       /usr/local/lib/libavutil.so.50
/usr/local/lib/libavdevice.so.52.2.3   /usr/local/lib/libavutil.so.50.36.0
[Leo@chessman ~]$
原文

Is /usr/local/lib searched for shared libraries ? I have this error:

[Leo@chessman ~]$ whereis ffmpeg
ffmpeg: /usr/local/bin/ffmpeg
[Leo@chessman ~]$ ffmpeg
ffmpeg: error while loading shared libraries: libavcore.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[Leo@chessman ~]$ ls /usr/local/lib/libav*
/usr/local/lib/libavcodec.a            /usr/local/lib/libavfilter.a
/usr/local/lib/libavcodec.so           /usr/local/lib/libavfilter.so
/usr/local/lib/libavcodec.so.52        /usr/local/lib/libavfilter.so.1
/usr/local/lib/libavcodec.so.52.108.0  /usr/local/lib/libavfilter.so.1.74.0
/usr/local/lib/libavcore.a             /usr/local/lib/libavformat.a
/usr/local/lib/libavcore.so            /usr/local/lib/libavformat.so
/usr/local/lib/libavcore.so.0          /usr/local/lib/libavformat.so.52
/usr/local/lib/libavcore.so.0.16.1     /usr/local/lib/libavformat.so.52.94.0
/usr/local/lib/libavdevice.a           /usr/local/lib/libavutil.a
/usr/local/lib/libavdevice.so          /usr/local/lib/libavutil.so
/usr/local/lib/libavdevice.so.52       /usr/local/lib/libavutil.so.50
/usr/local/lib/libavdevice.so.52.2.3   /usr/local/lib/libavutil.so.50.36.0
[Leo@chessman ~]$

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评论（6）

耳根太软 2024-10-20 17:38:14

确保您的 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 设置为包含您要搜索的所有目录，然后再次测试。

您可以使用以下命令快速测试：

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib ffmpeg

这将仅为该调用设置它。

或者，您可以编辑 /etc/ld.so.conf，其中包含搜索的默认目录。某些 Linux 发行版可能不会在该文件中包含 /usr/local/lib。

请注意，您可能还需要通过运行 ldconfig（以 root 身份或使用 sudo）来更新缓存 /etc/ld.so.cache 。

Make sure your LD_LIBRARY_PATH is set up to include all directories you want to search and then test it again.

You can test this quickly with:

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib ffmpeg

which will set it only for that invocation.

Alternatively, you can edit /etc/ld.so.conf which contains the default directories searched. Some Linux distributions may not include /usr/local/lib in that file.

Note that you may also need to update the cache /etc/ld.so.cache by running ldconfig (as root, or with sudo).

回复 原文
仲春光 2024-10-20 17:38:14

来自 http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Program-Library-HOWTO/shared-libraries.html ：

GNU 标准建议在分发源代码时默认将所有库安装在 /usr/local/lib 中（并且所有命令都应放入 /usr/local/bin 中）。

...

要搜索的目录列表存储在文件/etc/ld.so.conf中。许多 Red Hat 派生发行版通常不会在文件 /etc/ld.so.conf 中包含 /usr/local/lib。我认为这是一个错误，将 /usr/local/lib 添加到 /etc/ld.so.conf 是在 Red Hat 派生系统上运行许多程序所需的常见“修复”。

在 Debian 上，/etc/ld.so.conf 包含 include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf 和 /etc/ld。 so.conf.d/libc.conf 包含

# libc default configuration
/usr/local/lib

From http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Program-Library-HOWTO/shared-libraries.html:

The GNU standards recommend installing by default all libraries in /usr/local/lib when distributing source code (and all commands should go into /usr/local/bin).

...

The list of directories to be searched is stored in the file /etc/ld.so.conf. Many Red Hat-derived distributions don't normally include /usr/local/lib in the file /etc/ld.so.conf. I consider this a bug, and adding /usr/local/lib to /etc/ld.so.conf is a common ``fix'' required to run many programs on Red Hat-derived systems.

On Debian /etc/ld.so.conf contains include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf, and /etc/ld.so.conf.d/libc.conf contains

# libc default configuration
/usr/local/lib
回复 原文
蓬勃野心 2024-10-20 17:38:14

是和否

程序有一个编译（好的，“链接”）想法，知道在哪里可以找到它们的库。如果程序希望在 /usr/local/lib 中找到其库，那么它就会找到。

还有一个名为 ldconfig 的程序和一个名为 /etc/ld.so.conf 的配置文件，很可能是 /etc/ld.so.conf。 d，这些用于指定特定于站点的目录。

阅读“man ld.so”，其中列出了其他旋钮，例如环境变量LD_LIBRARY_PATH。

LD.SO(8)                   Linux Programmer’s Manual                  LD.SO(8)

NAME
       ld.so, ld-linux.so* - dynamic linker/loader

DESCRIPTION
       The  programs ld.so and ld-linux.so* find and load the shared libraries
       needed by a program, prepare the program to run, and then run it.
. . .

...和...

LDCONFIG(8)                Linux Programmer’s Manual               LDCONFIG(8)

NAME
       /sbin/ldconfig - configure dynamic linker run time bindings

SYNOPSIS
       /sbin/ldconfig  [  -nNvXV ] [ -f conf ] [ -C cache ] [ -r root ] direc-
       tory ...
       /sbin/ldconfig -l [ -v ] library ...
       /sbin/ldconfig -p

DESCRIPTION
       ldconfig creates the necessary links  and  cache  to  the  most  recent
       shared  libraries  found  in  the  directories specified on the command
       line, in the file /etc/ld.so.conf, and in the trusted directories (/lib
       and  /usr/lib).  The cache is used by the run-time linker, ld.so or ld-
       linux.so.  ldconfig checks the header and filenames of the libraries it
       encounters  when  determining  which  versions  should have their links
       updated.
. . .

Yes and no

Programs have a compiled-in (ok, "linked-in") idea of where their libraries are to be found. If a program is expecting to find its lib in /usr/local/lib then it will.

There is also a program called ldconfig and a configuration file called /etc/ld.so.conf and most likely an /etc/ld.so.conf.d, and these are used to specify site-specific directories.

Read "man ld.so" which lists other knobs like the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH.

LD.SO(8)                   Linux Programmer’s Manual                  LD.SO(8)

NAME
       ld.so, ld-linux.so* - dynamic linker/loader

DESCRIPTION
       The  programs ld.so and ld-linux.so* find and load the shared libraries
       needed by a program, prepare the program to run, and then run it.
. . .

...and...

LDCONFIG(8)                Linux Programmer’s Manual               LDCONFIG(8)

NAME
       /sbin/ldconfig - configure dynamic linker run time bindings

SYNOPSIS
       /sbin/ldconfig  [  -nNvXV ] [ -f conf ] [ -C cache ] [ -r root ] direc-
       tory ...
       /sbin/ldconfig -l [ -v ] library ...
       /sbin/ldconfig -p

DESCRIPTION
       ldconfig creates the necessary links  and  cache  to  the  most  recent
       shared  libraries  found  in  the  directories specified on the command
       line, in the file /etc/ld.so.conf, and in the trusted directories (/lib
       and  /usr/lib).  The cache is used by the run-time linker, ld.so or ld-
       linux.so.  ldconfig checks the header and filenames of the libraries it
       encounters  when  determining  which  versions  should have their links
       updated.
. . .
回复 原文
乱了心跳 2024-10-20 17:38:14

find / -name 'libavdevice.so.*' 以查明此库是否可用。

sudo gedit /etc/ld.so.conf

添加以下行并保存：

include /usr/local/lib
include /usr

ldconfig

find / -name 'libavdevice.so.*' to find out whether this library is available.

sudo gedit /etc/ld.so.conf

Add these lines and save:

include /usr/local/lib
include /usr

ldconfig

回复 原文
魔 2024-10-20 17:38:14

IIRC，ld.so 使用文件 /etc/ld.so.conf 列出搜索共享对象的目录。您还可以使用环境变量LD_LIBRARY_PATH。

Linux 上的 ELF 标头也可能包含 RPATH 条目。要检查 RPATH 条目，请运行

readelf -d ffmpeg | grep RPATH

您可能不会得到任何结果。要在编译时设置 RPATH，请执行以下操作：

gcc ... -wl, -rpath=MY_PATH

如果您想要执行目录，请使用 \$ORIGIN

某些程序（例如 chrpath）允许您编辑现有二进制文件的 RPATH。

注意：任何 setuid 的程序都不会使用 LD_LIBRARY_PATH ，因为它存在安全风险。

IIRC, ld.so uses the file /etc/ld.so.conf to list the directories to search for shared objects. You may also use the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH.

ELF headers on linux may also contain an RPATH entry. To check the RPATH entry run

readelf -d ffmpeg | grep RPATH

You will probably not get any result from this. To set the RPATH while compiling do:

gcc ... -wl, -rpath=MY_PATH

If you want the execution directory use \$ORIGIN

Some programs, such as chrpath, allow you to edit the RPATH of an existing binary.

NOTE: Any program that is setuid will not use LD_LIBRARY_PATH as it is a security risk.

回复 原文
赴月观长安 2024-10-20 17:38:14

这个老问题的另一个选择是使用 LD_RUN_PATH。

export LD_RUN_PATH=/usr/local/lib

然后再次编译：

make
make install
ldconfig

比使用LD_LIBRARY_PATH更好。原始参考来自 @cweiske linuxmafia.com/faq/Admin/ld-lib-path。 html

Another option for this old question is to use LD_RUN_PATH.

export LD_RUN_PATH=/usr/local/lib

Then compile again:

make
make install
ldconfig

Better than using LD_LIBRARY_PATH. Original reference from @cweiske linuxmafia.com/faq/Admin/ld-lib-path.html

回复 原文
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