开始使用 Java 开发 Web 应用程序需要学习哪些知识？
我是 Java Web 开发新手（但对 Java/OOP 并不陌生）。我期待在掌握 Java 后使用 Java 开发 Web 应用程序。请让我知道我应该开始学习哪些内容来使用后端数据库开发 Web 应用程序？
谢谢
编辑：Java 中的 Web 应用程序开发也需要 EJB 吗？
I am new to Java web development (but not new to Java/OOPs). I am looking forward to developing web applications using Java after mastering it. Please let me know what are the things I should start learning to develop web applications using a database in backend ?
thanks
Edit: Are EJBs also required for Web Application development in java?
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对于数据库连接，您需要了解 JDBC 的工作原理，然后考虑学习构建在其之上的 Hibernate 等框架（并让您避免编写 SQL）。
对于前端，您需要选择一个服务引擎和工具包。你想编写自己的 HTML 吗？或者您可能想使用 GWT 之类的东西来创建丰富的 UI？ Web 前端框架有很多。
For database connectivity, you need to understand how JDBC works as a principle, and then consider learning a framework like Hibernate that is built on top of it (and lets you avoid writing SQL).
For the front-end, you need to pick a serving engine and toolkit. do you want to write your own HTML? Or perhaps you want to use something like GWT to create rich UIs? There are a lot of web front-end frameworks.
问题是您想要构建什么样的应用程序。
我最近发现了一种很有前景的 Java Web 应用程序开发新方法。
玩吧！框架
这是一个简单易学、完整且快速的Web应用程序框架，非常适合初学者。值得一看。
The question is what kind of application you are trying to build.
I've recently found a promising new approach for java web app development.
Play! framework
It is a easy to learn, complete and fast web application framework which is ideal for beginners. It is worth to take a look on it.
你首先需要学习 Html 基础知识
然后
用于控制器的servlet
而用于视图
servlet的jsp是java web开发的核心部分，如果你深入了解servlet，那么你可以轻松地忍受另一个java web框架和jsp，
而且jsp比servlet更容易
但是servlet是java中web开发的非常核心的部分
You First Need To Learn Basic Of Html
then
servelet you use for controller
and jsp for view
servlet is core part of java web development if you understand servlet deeply then you can stand another java web framwork and jsp easily
and jsp is very easy then servlet
but servlet is very core part of web development in java
一个可以让您快速启动和运行的优秀网站是：www.coreservlets.com
A great website to get you reasonably quickly up and running is: www.coreservlets.com
一切都取决于情况。我当然会学习依赖注入器知识（Spring、Guice）。持久性框架（如果您需要的话）（JDBC、JPA、Hibernate，...）。这些都是 Web 应用程序服务的基础。
对于客户端项目，HTML、CSS 和 javascript 是关键。您可以用它们做的任何事情都应该可以在您使用的任何 Java Web 框架中重新创建。
对于 Web 框架，我对 Wicket 非常满意，尤其是来自服务层开发。尽管如此，我听说过有关 Tapestry、GWT 和 Spring MVC 的好消息。尽管与其他成熟的框架相比，Struts2 确实是一个可行的选择。当然，这很大程度上取决于您的需要。
As in everything it depends. I would certainly pick up a dependency injector knowledge (Spring, Guice). A persistence framework if you need one (JDBC, JPA, Hibernate, ...). These are all underpinnings of the web application services.
For client side items, HTML, CSS, and javascript are key. Anything you can do with these should be recreateable in any java web framework you use.
For a web framework, I have been exceptionally happy with Wicket, especially coming from service layer development. Although, I have heard good things about Tapestry, GWT, and Spring MVC. Struts2 is certainly a viable option although antiquated compared to other maturing frameworks. Then again a lot of this depends on what you need.
您可能想要选择一个 Web 应用程序框架，例如 Tapestry、Struts、Google Web Toolkit (GWT) 或 Java Server Faces，但即使在这样做之前，我也会了解 JavaServerPages/Servlets/Tag Libraries，以便您有一个良好的基础用于学习更复杂的框架。您甚至可能会发现 Java Server Pages 足以满足您的需求（对我来说，它们经常满足）！
正如另一位评论者提到的，理解 JDBC（可能使用 Hibernate）对于数据持久性非常重要。 Spring 在幕后管理对象方面也变得非常流行（也是雇主所期望的一项技能），特别是在 Web 应用程序中。
Netbeans 和 Eclipse 都非常适合编写 Web 应用程序并在编写代码时对其进行测试。
但如果这听起来很复杂，那就从 Java Server Pages 和 Servlet 开始吧！
You would probably want to choose a web application framework such as Tapestry, Struts, Google Web Toolkit (GWT) or Java Server Faces, but even before doing that, I would learn about JavaServerPages/Servlets/Tag Libraries so that you have a good foundation for learning the more complicated frameworks. You might even find that Java Server Pages is enough to satisfy your needs (and for me, they often are)!
As the another commenter mentioned, JDBC (possibly using Hibernate) is important to understand for data persistence. Spring is also becoming very popular (and a skill desired by employers) for managing objects behind-the-scenes, particularly in web applications.
Netbeans and Eclipse are both well-suited to writing web applications and for testing them as you write the code.
But if this sounds complicated, just start with Java Server Pages and Servlets and go from there!
如果您了解 Java 和 OOP 的基础知识，那么您就已经领先了。我对可用工具和框架的看法是，它们会推动您开发千篇一律的软件，并且最好能够设计自己的对象。如果您需要的大部分内容对于初学者来说很重要，那么它已经被吸收到 JDK 标准中了。如果它不重要，你为什么要花时间学习这些东西？
首先，请执行以下操作：
(1)阿帕奇服务器
(2) 默认端口上的 tomcat servlet 引擎
(3) 数据库引擎在其默认端口
Secondary stage：
(4)通过tomcat生成简单的HTML，在几个浏览器上查看
(5)建立servlet-DB通信机制
(6) 将数据库查询结果放在 servlet 生成的 HTML 上
走向最终设置：
(7) 设计/测试 servlet 中的并发/线程和业务逻辑
(8) 设计应用程序所需的数据库表/模式
(9) 设置apache和tomcat之间的连接器
(10) 决定您的应用程序的 GUI。对于更高的安全需求，请使用小程序并学习使用加密对象的小程序-servlet 通信
这应该让任何人忙上几个月。问候， - MS
If you undestand the basics of Java and OOP, you are way ahead. My view on the available tools and frameworks is that they drive you towards developing cookie cutter software, and it is better to be able to design your own objects. Most of the stuff you need are already assimilated in the JDK standard, if it is important for a starter. If it is not important, why would you want to spend time learning those things?
To start with, get the following working:
(1) Apache server
(2) A tomcat servlet engine on its default port
(3) Database engine on its default port
Secondary stage:
(4) Generate simple HTML through tomcat, view it on a few browsers
(5) Establish servlet-DB communication mechanism
(6) Put DB query results on the HTML that your servlet is generating
Towards final set up:
(7) Design/test the concurrency/threading and business logic in your servlet
(8) Design the database tables/schemas required for your apps
(9) Set up connectors between apache and tomcat
(10) Decide on the GUI for your application. For higher security needs, use applets and learn applet-servlet communication using encrypted objects
That ought to keep anyone busy for a few months. Regards, - M.S.
我建议你在没有任何框架的情况下开始开发。从核心 Servlet 和 JSP 开始。需要一点 HTML、CSS 和 JavaScript。
以下是您需要的开源内容的列表
服务器 - Apache Tomcat 5.0 +（首选）
API - J2EE API（主要是 Servlet 和 JSP。还有一些 JDBC。）
Web 技术 - HTML、CSS、JavaScript（如果您愿意，Ajax 会很有趣）可以学习，很简单）
浏览器 - Internet Explorer 7+、Chrome、Firefox 等。
开发环境 - Java EE 的 Eclipse SDK（您将获得一个集成的 Tomcat）
设计模式 - 尝试使用 MVC。
这应该足以让你继续前进。
I suggest you start developing without any framework. Start with Core Servlets and JSP. A bit of HTML, CSS and JavaScript will be needed.
Following is the list of open source stuff you will need
Server - Apache Tomcat 5.0 + (Preferred)
API - J2EE API (Mainly Servlets and JSP. Also some JDBC.)
Web Technologies - HTML, CSS, JavaScript (Ajax will be fun if you could learn, it's easy)
Browser - Internet Explorer 7+, Chrome, Firefox etc.
Development Environment - Eclipse SDK for Java EE (You will get an integrated Tomcat with this)
Design Pattern - Try using MVC.
This should be good enough to get you going.