如何更改轴、刻度和标签的颜色

发布于 2024-10-12 22:57:12 字数 51 浏览 4 评论 0原文

我想更改轴的颜色,以及使用 matplotlib 和 PyQt 绘制的图的刻度和值标签。

I'd like to change the color of the axis, as well as ticks and value-labels for a plot I did using matplotlib and PyQt.

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梦过后 2024-10-19 22:57:12

作为一个简单的示例(使用比可能重复的问题稍微干净的方法):

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

ax.plot(range(10))
ax.set_xlabel('X-axis')
ax.set_ylabel('Y-axis')

ax.spines['bottom'].set_color('red')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('red')
ax.xaxis.label.set_color('red')
ax.tick_params(axis='x', colors='red')

plt.show()

alt text

或者

[t.set_color('red') for t in ax.xaxis.get_ticklines()]
[t.set_color('red') for t in ax.xaxis.get_ticklabels()]

As a quick example (using a slightly cleaner method than the potentially duplicate question):

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

ax.plot(range(10))
ax.set_xlabel('X-axis')
ax.set_ylabel('Y-axis')

ax.spines['bottom'].set_color('red')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('red')
ax.xaxis.label.set_color('red')
ax.tick_params(axis='x', colors='red')

plt.show()

alt text

Alternatively

[t.set_color('red') for t in ax.xaxis.get_ticklines()]
[t.set_color('red') for t in ax.xaxis.get_ticklabels()]
梦巷 2024-10-19 22:57:12

如果您想要修改多个图形或子图,使用 matplotlib 会很有帮助上下文管理器 来更改颜色,而不是单独更改每个颜色。上下文管理器允许您临时更改仅紧随其后的缩进代码的 rc 参数,但不会影响全局 rc 参数。

此代码片段生成两个图形,第一个图形具有修改后的轴颜色、刻度线和刻度标签,第二个图形具有默认的 rc 参数。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
with plt.rc_context({'axes.edgecolor':'orange', 'xtick.color':'red', 'ytick.color':'green', 'figure.facecolor':'white'}):
    # Temporary rc parameters in effect
    fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1,2)
    ax1.plot(range(10))
    ax2.plot(range(10))
# Back to default rc parameters
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(range(10))

输入图像描述此处

在此处输入图像描述

您可以输入 plt.rcParams 查看所有可用的 rc 参数,并使用列表理解来搜索关键字:

# Search for all parameters containing the word 'color'
[(param, value) for param, value in plt.rcParams.items() if 'color' in param]

If you have several figures or subplots that you want to modify, it can be helpful to use the matplotlib context manager to change the color, instead of changing each one individually. The context manager allows you to temporarily change the rc parameters only for the immediately following indented code, but does not affect the global rc parameters.

This snippet yields two figures, the first one with modified colors for the axis, ticks and ticklabels, and the second one with the default rc parameters.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
with plt.rc_context({'axes.edgecolor':'orange', 'xtick.color':'red', 'ytick.color':'green', 'figure.facecolor':'white'}):
    # Temporary rc parameters in effect
    fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1,2)
    ax1.plot(range(10))
    ax2.plot(range(10))
# Back to default rc parameters
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(range(10))

enter image description here

enter image description here

You can type plt.rcParams to view all available rc parameters, and use list comprehension to search for keywords:

# Search for all parameters containing the word 'color'
[(param, value) for param, value in plt.rcParams.items() if 'color' in param]
╰つ倒转 2024-10-19 22:57:12
import pandas as pd

# test dataframe
data = {'a': range(20), 'date': pd.bdate_range('2021-01-09', freq='D', periods=20)}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# plot the dataframe and assign the returned axes
ax = df.plot(x='date', color='green', ylabel='values', xlabel='date', figsize=(8, 6))

# set various colors
ax.spines['bottom'].set_color('blue')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('red') 
ax.spines['right'].set_color('magenta')
ax.spines['right'].set_linewidth(3)
ax.spines['left'].set_color('orange')
ax.spines['left'].set_lw(3)
ax.xaxis.label.set_color('purple')
ax.yaxis.label.set_color('silver')
ax.tick_params(colors='red', which='both')  # 'both' refers to minor and major axes

在此处输入图像描述< /a>

seaborn 轴级图

import seaborn as sns

# plot the dataframe and assign the returned axes
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 5))
g = sns.lineplot(data=df, x='date', y='a', color='g', label='a', ax=ax)

# set the margines to 0
ax.margins(x=0, y=0)

# set various colors
ax.spines['bottom'].set_color('blue')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('red') 
ax.spines['right'].set_color('magenta')
ax.spines['right'].set_linewidth(3)
ax.spines['left'].set_color('orange')
ax.spines['left'].set_lw(3)
ax.xaxis.label.set_color('purple')
ax.yaxis.label.set_color('silver')
ax.tick_params(colors='red', which='both')  # 'both' refers to minor and major axes

在此处输入图像描述

seaborn 图形级图

# plot the dataframe and assign the returned axes
g = sns.relplot(kind='line', data=df, x='date', y='a', color='g', aspect=2)

# iterate through each axes
for ax in g.axes.flat:

    # set the margins to 0
    ax.margins(x=0, y=0)
    
    # make the top and right spines visible
    ax.spines[['top', 'right']].set_visible(True)

    # set various colors
    ax.spines['bottom'].set_color('blue')
    ax.spines['top'].set_color('red') 
    ax.spines['right'].set_color('magenta')
    ax.spines['right'].set_linewidth(3)
    ax.spines['left'].set_color('orange')
    ax.spines['left'].set_lw(3)
    ax.xaxis.label.set_color('purple')
    ax.yaxis.label.set_color('silver')
    ax.tick_params(colors='red', which='both')  # 'both' refers to minor and major axes

在此处输入图像描述

  • For those using pandas.DataFrame.plot(), matplotlib.axes.Axes is returned when creating a plot from a dataframe. Therefore, the dataframe plot can be assigned to a variable, ax, which enables the usage of the associated formatting methods.
  • The default plotting backend for pandas, is matplotlib.
  • See matplotlib.spines
  • Tested in python 3.10, pandas 1.4.2, matplotlib 3.5.1, seaborn 0.11.2
import pandas as pd

# test dataframe
data = {'a': range(20), 'date': pd.bdate_range('2021-01-09', freq='D', periods=20)}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# plot the dataframe and assign the returned axes
ax = df.plot(x='date', color='green', ylabel='values', xlabel='date', figsize=(8, 6))

# set various colors
ax.spines['bottom'].set_color('blue')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('red') 
ax.spines['right'].set_color('magenta')
ax.spines['right'].set_linewidth(3)
ax.spines['left'].set_color('orange')
ax.spines['left'].set_lw(3)
ax.xaxis.label.set_color('purple')
ax.yaxis.label.set_color('silver')
ax.tick_params(colors='red', which='both')  # 'both' refers to minor and major axes

enter image description here

seaborn axes-level plot

import seaborn as sns

# plot the dataframe and assign the returned axes
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 5))
g = sns.lineplot(data=df, x='date', y='a', color='g', label='a', ax=ax)

# set the margines to 0
ax.margins(x=0, y=0)

# set various colors
ax.spines['bottom'].set_color('blue')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('red') 
ax.spines['right'].set_color('magenta')
ax.spines['right'].set_linewidth(3)
ax.spines['left'].set_color('orange')
ax.spines['left'].set_lw(3)
ax.xaxis.label.set_color('purple')
ax.yaxis.label.set_color('silver')
ax.tick_params(colors='red', which='both')  # 'both' refers to minor and major axes

enter image description here

seaborn figure-level plot

# plot the dataframe and assign the returned axes
g = sns.relplot(kind='line', data=df, x='date', y='a', color='g', aspect=2)

# iterate through each axes
for ax in g.axes.flat:

    # set the margins to 0
    ax.margins(x=0, y=0)
    
    # make the top and right spines visible
    ax.spines[['top', 'right']].set_visible(True)

    # set various colors
    ax.spines['bottom'].set_color('blue')
    ax.spines['top'].set_color('red') 
    ax.spines['right'].set_color('magenta')
    ax.spines['right'].set_linewidth(3)
    ax.spines['left'].set_color('orange')
    ax.spines['left'].set_lw(3)
    ax.xaxis.label.set_color('purple')
    ax.yaxis.label.set_color('silver')
    ax.tick_params(colors='red', which='both')  # 'both' refers to minor and major axes

enter image description here

孤君无依 2024-10-19 22:57:12

受之前贡献者的启发,这是一个三轴的示例。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x_values1=[1,2,3,4,5]
y_values1=[1,2,2,4,1]

x_values2=[-1000,-800,-600,-400,-200]
y_values2=[10,20,39,40,50]

x_values3=[150,200,250,300,350]
y_values3=[-10,-20,-30,-40,-50]


fig=plt.figure()
ax=fig.add_subplot(111, label="1")
ax2=fig.add_subplot(111, label="2", frame_on=False)
ax3=fig.add_subplot(111, label="3", frame_on=False)

ax.plot(x_values1, y_values1, color="C0")
ax.set_xlabel("x label 1", color="C0")
ax.set_ylabel("y label 1", color="C0")
ax.tick_params(axis='x', colors="C0")
ax.tick_params(axis='y', colors="C0")

ax2.scatter(x_values2, y_values2, color="C1")
ax2.set_xlabel('x label 2', color="C1") 
ax2.xaxis.set_label_position('bottom') # set the position of the second x-axis to bottom
ax2.spines['bottom'].set_position(('outward', 36))
ax2.tick_params(axis='x', colors="C1")
ax2.set_ylabel('y label 2', color="C1")       
ax2.yaxis.tick_right()
ax2.yaxis.set_label_position('right') 
ax2.tick_params(axis='y', colors="C1")

ax3.plot(x_values3, y_values3, color="C2")
ax3.set_xlabel('x label 3', color='C2')
ax3.xaxis.set_label_position('bottom')
ax3.spines['bottom'].set_position(('outward', 72))
ax3.tick_params(axis='x', colors='C2')
ax3.set_ylabel('y label 3', color='C2')
ax3.yaxis.tick_right()
ax3.yaxis.set_label_position('right') 
ax3.spines['right'].set_position(('outward', 36))
ax3.tick_params(axis='y', colors='C2')


plt.show()

motivated by previous contributors, this is an example of three axes.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x_values1=[1,2,3,4,5]
y_values1=[1,2,2,4,1]

x_values2=[-1000,-800,-600,-400,-200]
y_values2=[10,20,39,40,50]

x_values3=[150,200,250,300,350]
y_values3=[-10,-20,-30,-40,-50]


fig=plt.figure()
ax=fig.add_subplot(111, label="1")
ax2=fig.add_subplot(111, label="2", frame_on=False)
ax3=fig.add_subplot(111, label="3", frame_on=False)

ax.plot(x_values1, y_values1, color="C0")
ax.set_xlabel("x label 1", color="C0")
ax.set_ylabel("y label 1", color="C0")
ax.tick_params(axis='x', colors="C0")
ax.tick_params(axis='y', colors="C0")

ax2.scatter(x_values2, y_values2, color="C1")
ax2.set_xlabel('x label 2', color="C1") 
ax2.xaxis.set_label_position('bottom') # set the position of the second x-axis to bottom
ax2.spines['bottom'].set_position(('outward', 36))
ax2.tick_params(axis='x', colors="C1")
ax2.set_ylabel('y label 2', color="C1")       
ax2.yaxis.tick_right()
ax2.yaxis.set_label_position('right') 
ax2.tick_params(axis='y', colors="C1")

ax3.plot(x_values3, y_values3, color="C2")
ax3.set_xlabel('x label 3', color='C2')
ax3.xaxis.set_label_position('bottom')
ax3.spines['bottom'].set_position(('outward', 72))
ax3.tick_params(axis='x', colors='C2')
ax3.set_ylabel('y label 3', color='C2')
ax3.yaxis.tick_right()
ax3.yaxis.set_label_position('right') 
ax3.spines['right'].set_position(('outward', 36))
ax3.tick_params(axis='y', colors='C2')


plt.show()
踏雪无痕 2024-10-19 22:57:12

您还可以使用它在同一个图形中绘制多个绘图,并使用相同的调色板设置它们的样式。

下面给出了一个示例

fig = plt.figure()
# Plot ROC curves
plotfigure(lambda: plt.plot(fpr1, tpr1, linestyle='--',color='orange', label='Logistic Regression'), fig)
plotfigure(lambda: plt.plot(fpr2, tpr2, linestyle='--',color='green', label='KNN'), fig)
plotfigure(lambda: plt.plot(p_fpr, p_tpr, linestyle='-', color='blue'), fig)
# Title
plt.title('ROC curve')
# X label
plt.xlabel('False Positive Rate')
# Y label
plt.ylabel('True Positive rate')

plt.legend(loc='best',labelcolor='white')
plt.savefig('ROC',dpi=300)

plt.show();

输出:
ROC 曲线

You can also use this to draw multiple plots in same figure and style them using same color palette.

An example is given below

fig = plt.figure()
# Plot ROC curves
plotfigure(lambda: plt.plot(fpr1, tpr1, linestyle='--',color='orange', label='Logistic Regression'), fig)
plotfigure(lambda: plt.plot(fpr2, tpr2, linestyle='--',color='green', label='KNN'), fig)
plotfigure(lambda: plt.plot(p_fpr, p_tpr, linestyle='-', color='blue'), fig)
# Title
plt.title('ROC curve')
# X label
plt.xlabel('False Positive Rate')
# Y label
plt.ylabel('True Positive rate')

plt.legend(loc='best',labelcolor='white')
plt.savefig('ROC',dpi=300)

plt.show();

Output:
ROC Curve

°如果伤别离去 2024-10-19 22:57:12

这是一个实用函数,它采用具有必要参数的绘图函数,并使用所需的背景颜色样式绘制图形。您可以根据需要添加更多参数。

def plotfigure(plot_fn, fig, background_col = 'xkcd:black', face_col = (0.06,0.06,0.06)):
"""
Plot Figure using plt plot functions.

Customize different background and face-colors of the plot.

Parameters:
plot_fn (func): The plot functions with necessary arguments as a lamdda function.
fig : The Figure object by plt.figure()
background_col: The background color of the plot. Supports matlplotlib colors
face_col: The face color of the plot. Supports matlplotlib colors


Returns:
void 

"""
fig.patch.set_facecolor(background_col)
plot_fn()
ax = plt.gca()
ax.set_facecolor(face_col)
ax.spines['bottom'].set_color('white')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('white')
ax.spines['left'].set_color('white')
ax.spines['right'].set_color('white')
ax.xaxis.label.set_color('white')
ax.yaxis.label.set_color('white')
ax.grid(alpha=0.1)
ax.title.set_color('white')
ax.tick_params(axis='x', colors='white')
ax.tick_params(axis='y', colors='white')

下面定义了一个用例

from sklearn.datasets import make_classification
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

X, y = make_classification(n_samples=50, n_classes=2, n_features=5, random_state=27)
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.3, random_state=27)
fig=plt.figure()

plotfigure(lambda: plt.scatter(range(0,len(y)), y, marker=".",c="orange"), fig)

图形输出

Here is a utility function that takes a plotting function with necessary args and plots the figure with required background-color styles. You can add more arguments as necessary.

def plotfigure(plot_fn, fig, background_col = 'xkcd:black', face_col = (0.06,0.06,0.06)):
"""
Plot Figure using plt plot functions.

Customize different background and face-colors of the plot.

Parameters:
plot_fn (func): The plot functions with necessary arguments as a lamdda function.
fig : The Figure object by plt.figure()
background_col: The background color of the plot. Supports matlplotlib colors
face_col: The face color of the plot. Supports matlplotlib colors


Returns:
void 

"""
fig.patch.set_facecolor(background_col)
plot_fn()
ax = plt.gca()
ax.set_facecolor(face_col)
ax.spines['bottom'].set_color('white')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('white')
ax.spines['left'].set_color('white')
ax.spines['right'].set_color('white')
ax.xaxis.label.set_color('white')
ax.yaxis.label.set_color('white')
ax.grid(alpha=0.1)
ax.title.set_color('white')
ax.tick_params(axis='x', colors='white')
ax.tick_params(axis='y', colors='white')

A use case is defined below

from sklearn.datasets import make_classification
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

X, y = make_classification(n_samples=50, n_classes=2, n_features=5, random_state=27)
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.3, random_state=27)
fig=plt.figure()

plotfigure(lambda: plt.scatter(range(0,len(y)), y, marker=".",c="orange"), fig)

The Figure Output

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