Django表单验证基于字段是否有值

Question

1. 当我提交一个选择了 phone_type 的空表单（对于 formHomePhone）时，表单返回其自身，而没有在 phone_type 中选择的值规定此字段是必需的

2. 正如您从视图中看到的那样，表单中的第一个电话号码是必需的，但其他电话号码不是。我只想在存在价值的情况下处理它们。尽管当我在空表单上单击“提交”时，附加电话号码字段会从 UKPhoneNumberField > 中抛出错误。 电话号码必须包含区号。如何仅在相关字段中有号码时进行验证？

我有一个像这样的 view.py 文件

def new_client_view(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        formDetails = ClientDetailsForm(request.POST)
        formAddress = ClientAddressForm(request.POST)
        formHomePhone = ClientPhoneForm(request.POST)
        formWorkPhone = ClientOtherPhoneForm(request.POST)
        formMobilePhone = ClientOtherPhoneForm(request.POST)
        if formDetails.is_valid() and formAddress.is_valid() and formHomePhone.is_valid():
            c = Client()
            c.save()
            fd = formDetails.save(commit=False)
            fd.client = c
            fd.created_by = request.user
            fd.save()
            fa = formAddress.save(commit=False)
            fa.client = c
            fa.created_by = request.user
            fa.save()
            fph = formHomePhone.save(commit=False)
            fph.client = c
            fph.created_by = request.user
            fph.save()
            if 'p2-number' in request.POST and request.POST['p2-number']:
                fpw = formWorkPhone.save(commit=False)
                fpw.client = c.id
                fpw.created_by = request.user
                if fpw.is_valid():
                    fpw.save()
            if 'p3-number' in request.POST and request.POST['p3-number']:
                fpm = formMobilePhone.save(commit=False)
                fpm.client = c
                fpm.created_by = request.user
                if fpm.is_valid():
                    fpm.save()
            return render_to_response('client/client.html', context_instance=RequestContext(request))
        else:
            return render_to_response('client/new_client.html', {'formDetails': formDetails, 'formAddress': formAddress, 'formHomePhone': formHomePhone, 'formWorkPhone': formWorkPhone, 'formMobilePhone': formMobilePhone}, context_instance=RequestContext(request))


    else:
        formAddress = ClientAddressForm()
        formDetails = ClientDetailsForm()
        formHomePhone = ClientPhoneForm(initial={'phone_type':'home'}, prefix="p1")
        formWorkPhone = ClientPhoneForm(initial={'phone_type':'work'}, prefix="p2")
        formMobilePhone = ClientPhoneForm(initial={'phone_type':'mobi'}, prefix="p3")
        return render_to_response('client/new_client.html', {'formDetails': formDetails, 'formAddress': formAddress, 'formHomePhone': formHomePhone, 'formWorkPhone': formWorkPhone, 'formMobilePhone': formMobilePhone}, context_instance=RequestContext(request))

，一个像这样的 forms.py：

class ClientDetailsForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = ClientDetails
        exclude = ('client', 'created', 'created_by')

class ClientAddressForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = ClientAddress
        exclude = ('client', 'created', 'created_by')

class ClientPhoneForm(ModelForm):
    number = UKPhoneNumberField()

    class Meta:
        model = ClientPhone
        exclude = ('client', 'created', 'created_by')

class ClientOtherPhoneForm(ModelForm):
    number = UKPhoneNumberField(required=False)

    class Meta:
        model = ClientPhone
        exclude = ('client', 'created', 'created_by')

和一个像这样的 models.py：

MARITAL_STATUS_CHOICES = (
    ...
)

NAME_TITLE_CHOICES = (
    ...
)

PHONE_CHOICES = (
    ('home', 'Home'),
    ('home2', 'Home 2'),
    ('mobi', 'Mobile'),
    ('mobi2', 'Mobile 2'),
    ('work', 'Work'),
    ('work2', 'Work 2'),
)

class Client(models.Model):
    closed = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True)
    closed_by = models.ForeignKey(User, blank=True, null=True)
    comment = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u'%s' % (self.id)

class ClientDetails(models.Model):
    ...

class ClientAddress(models.Model):
    ...

class ClientPhone(models.Model):
    client = models.ForeignKey(Client, null=True)
    created = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
    created_by = models.ForeignKey(User, blank=True, null=True)
    phone_type = models.CharField(max_length=5, choices=PHONE_CHOICES)
    number = models.CharField(max_length=24)

顺便说一句（我知道我的 new_client_view 函数不是很干。任何建议都是非常感谢）

Answer 1

如果要在 ModelForm 字段为空时停止对其进行验证，请在模型定义中设置 Blank=True、null=True。

如果您不想更改模型，可以覆盖 ModelForm 中的 required attr（见下文），但请记住，您的 form.save() 方法可能会尝试保留 null数据库期望非空值的值。

class FooForm(forms.ModelForm):

    class Meta:
         #exclude etc as you wish

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):

         #init the form as usual
         super(FooForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

         #then change the required status on the fields:
         self.fields['baz'].required = False

更新
这是一种完全不同的方法，考虑到OP的评论似乎暗示表单之间的验证可能就是他所追求的：

如果您希望当前的表单基于另一种表单中的内容以某种方式运行，那么您正在谈论交叉 -表单验证，这是不可能的，因为表单的清理方法不容易意识到该视图正在处理的任何其他表单。

相反，我建议创建一个新的 forms.Form 类，其中包含您想要处理的模型的所有字段，但它不是 ModelForm。然后，您可以向该表单添加一个 save() （或 process() 或其他）方法，该方法将执行您当前视图中的 fandango。这也可能使您的代码稍微整洁一些。

您需要将 request.user 作为参数传递到表单中（kwarg 更容易正确），以便您可以在要保存的模型上设置适当的用户。

但是，当然，我们不要忘记验证，我建议您在该表单的主要 clean() 方法中进行验证，该方法将可以访问您需要处理的所有字段。

因此，作为一些快速未经测试的代码：

from django import forms
from django.forms.util import ErrorList

class ClientForm(forms.Form):

    ## define your fields here ##
    home_phone = forms.CharField(required=False) 
    # etc etc

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        NB: in the view you'll need to call the form's constructor with 
        keyword arguments for client (the client whose details are being 
        edited) and user (ie: request.user)
        """

        #before the form is initialised, grab the two extra objects we'll 
        #need in save()

        self.client = kwargs.pop('client') 
        #NB:this will explode if there is no client kwarg present

        self.user = kwargs.pop('user') #ditto, for a 'user' argument

        #now carry on with the standard form initialisation
        super(ClientForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)


    def clean(self):

        #probe your cleaned data here and enforce any cross-field dependencies you wish

        if self.cleaned_data.get('foo') and not self.cleaned_data.get('bar'):
            self._errors['foo'] = ErrorList(["A Foo should only be present if there\'s not a Bar"])
            # NB: only override a value in an _errors dict if you're sure there is 
            # nothing in there already (ie: the foo field has been cleaned and is 
            # present in cleaned_data)
            # Otherwise, you should append() a string to the ErrorList in question

        return self.cleaned_data

    def save(self):

        #what you have in the view is doing a lot of the legwork, so extend that
        #code here to get or create the relevant ClientHomePhone etc models
        #based on lookups related to self.client, which we set in __init__() above

        #also, remember you'll have access to self.user which is the user who is 
        #creating/editing so you can set this for created_by

        return self.client # or some other relevant entity, if you wish

Answer 2

我找到了一个类似这样的答案（是的，我知道这很愚蠢！）

def new_client_view(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        formDetails = ClientDetailsForm(request.POST)
        formAddress = ClientAddressForm(request.POST)
        formHomePhone = ClientPhoneForm(request.POST)
        if formDetails.is_valid() and formAddress.is_valid() and formHomePhone.is_valid():
            c = Client()
            c.save()
            fd = formDetails.save(commit=False)
            fd.client = c
            fd.created_by = request.user
            fd.save()
            fa = formAddress.save(commit=False)
            fa.client = c
            fa.created_by = request.user
            fa.save()
            fph = formHomePhone.save(commit=False)
            fph.client = c
            fph.created_by = request.user
            fph.save()
            if 'p2-number' in request.POST and request.POST['p2-number']:
                formWorkPhone = ClientOtherPhoneForm(request.POST)
                fpw = formWorkPhone.save(commit=False)
                fpw.client = c.id
                fpw.created_by = request.user
                # if the work number is valid
                if fpw.is_valid():
                    # check the mobile number before you save the work number
                    if 'p3-number' in request.POST and request.POST['p3-number']:
                        formMobilePhone = ClientOtherPhoneForm(request.POST)
                        fpm = formMobilePhone.save(commit=False)
                        fpm.client = c
                        fpm.created_by = request.user
                        # if the mobile number is good then there is no more checking to do
                        if fpm.is_valid():
                            fpm.save()
                        # else load up the form again with the error for the mobile phone and the original
                        # data for the mobile phone and the work phone
                        else:
                            formWorkPhone = ClientOtherPhoneForm(request.POST)
                            return render_to_response('client/new_client.html', {'formDetails': formDetails, 'formAddress': formAddress, 'formHomePhone': formHomePhone, 'formWorkPhone': formWorkPhone, 'formMobilePhone': formMobilePhone}, context_instance=RequestContext(request))
                    # if the work number is valid and the mobile field wasn't used then just save the work number
                    fpw.save()
                # if the work number is not valid then find out if a mobile number
                # was entered and feed it back to the form
                else:
                    if 'p3-number' in request.POST and request.POST['p3-number']:
                        formMobilePhone = ClientOtherPhoneForm(request.POST)
                    else:
                        formMobilePhone = ClientPhoneForm(initial={'phone_type':'mobi'}, prefix="p3")
                    return render_to_response('client/new_client.html', {'formDetails': formDetails, 'formAddress': formAddress, 'formHomePhone': formHomePhone, 'formWorkPhone': formWorkPhone, 'formMobilePhone': formMobilePhone}, context_instance=RequestContext(request))

            return render_to_response('client/client.html', context_instance=RequestContext(request))
        # if the form doesn't validate then you need to find out if the optional fields contain data,
        # and if so load that data back into the form
        else:
            if 'p2-number' in request.POST and request.POST['p2-number']:
                formWorkPhone = ClientOtherPhoneForm(request.POST, prefix="p2")
            else:
                formWorkPhone = ClientPhoneForm(initial={'phone_type':'work'}, prefix="p2")
            if 'p3-number' in request.POST and request.POST['p3-number']:
                formMobilePhone = ClientOtherPhoneForm(request.POST, prefix="p3")
            else:
                formMobilePhone = ClientPhoneForm(initial={'phone_type':'mobi'}, prefix="p3")

            return render_to_response('client/new_client.html', {'formDetails': formDetails, 'formAddress': formAddress, 'formHomePhone': formHomePhone, 'formWorkPhone': formWorkPhone, 'formMobilePhone': formMobilePhone}, context_instance=RequestContext(request))


    else:
        formAddress = ClientAddressForm()
        formDetails = ClientDetailsForm()
        formHomePhone = ClientPhoneForm(initial={'phone_type':'home'}, prefix="p1")
        formWorkPhone = ClientPhoneForm(initial={'phone_type':'work'}, prefix="p2")
        formMobilePhone = ClientPhoneForm(initial={'phone_type':'mobi'}, prefix="p3")
        return render_to_response('client/new_client.html', {'formDetails': formDetails, 'formAddress': formAddress, 'formHomePhone': formHomePhone, 'formWorkPhone': formWorkPhone, 'formMobilePhone': formMobilePhone}, context_instance=RequestContext(request))

我想我需要覆盖表单上的 is_valid 函数，以确保在执行某项操作之前其中一个字段中有数据像 super.is_valid() （否则返回 true，这样我就不会为空表单引发错误）以及表单上的 presave 函数，该函数采用user 和 client 对象，并将它们放入字段中，并在保存之前检查是否有电话号码。

1. 覆盖 is_valid() 以确保空白值可以通过
2. Create pre-save() 加载到 User 和 Client 进入模型，如果可以的话，如果 number 没有值 就中止

这太疯狂了！！！

我唯一能想到的就是制作 ClientPhone 模型中的phone_type 和 number blank=True, null=True 以便我可以拥有可选的电话字段

这也太疯狂了！！！

为什么我必须破坏模型的完整性才能在我的表单之一中拥有一个选项字段？？？

编辑：

当我对 forms.py 文件执行以下操作时，view.py 变得更干净：

class ClientDetailsForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = ClientDetails
        exclude = ('client', 'created', 'created_by')

    def CustomSave(self,c,u):
        t = self.save(commit=False)
        t.client = c
        t.created_by = u
        t.first_name = self.cleaned_data['first_name'].capitalize()
        t.middle_name = self.cleaned_data['first_name'].capitalize()
        t.last_name = self.cleaned_data['first_name'].capitalize()
        t.save()

class ClientAddressForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = ClientAddress
        exclude = ('client', 'created', 'created_by')

    def CustomSave(self,c,u):
        t = self.save(commit=False)
        t.client = c
        t.created_by = u
        t.address_1 = self.cleaned_data['address_1'].capitalize()
        t.address_2 = self.cleaned_data['address_2'].capitalize()
        t.address_3 = self.cleaned_data['address_3'].capitalize()
        t.address_4 = self.cleaned_data['address_4'].capitalize()
        t.post_code = self.cleaned_data['post_code'].upper()
        t.save()

class ClientPhoneForm(ModelForm):
    number = UKPhoneNumberField()

    class Meta:
        model = ClientPhone
        exclude = ('client', 'created', 'created_by')

    def CustomSave(self,c,u):
        t = self.save(commit=False)
        t.client = c
        t.created_by = u
        t.save()

class ClientOtherPhoneForm(ModelForm):
    number = UKPhoneNumberField(required=False)

    class Meta:
        model = ClientPhone
        exclude = ('client', 'created', 'created_by')

    def CustomSave(self,c,u):
        t = self.save(commit=False)
        t.client = c
        t.created_by = u
        t.save()