为什么 Scala 编译器更喜欢将 null 值的参数推断为 Array[Char] 而不是 Object?

发布于 2024-10-12 07:57:12 字数 1593 浏览 2 评论 0原文

考虑 java.lang.String 中的这些方法

/**
 * Returns the string representation of the <code>Object</code> argument.
 *
 * @param   obj   an <code>Object</code>.
 * @return  if the argument is <code>null</code>, then a string equal to
 *          <code>"null"</code>; otherwise, the value of
 *          <code>obj.toString()</code> is returned.
 * @see     java.lang.Object#toString()
 */
public static String valueOf(Object obj) {
    return (obj == null) ? "null" : obj.toString();
}

/**
 * Returns the string representation of the <code>char</code> array
 * argument. The contents of the character array are copied; subsequent
 * modification of the character array does not affect the newly
 * created string.
 *
 * @param   data   a <code>char</code> array.
 * @return  a newly allocated string representing the same sequence of
 *          characters contained in the character array argument.
 */
public static String valueOf(char data[]) {
    return new String(data);
}

和此 Scala 代码,

val result = String.valueOf(null)

String.valueOf(null)
java.lang.NullPointerException
  at java.lang.String.<init>(String.java:193)
  at java.lang.String.valueOf(String.java:2852)

如果您使用除 Array[Char]null ,它就会起作用 代码>.

为什么 Scala 编译器似乎更喜欢 Array[Char] 而不是 Object ,因为 Array 实际上是最终的,不能被覆盖并且是不变的在它的元素类型中(所以这种用法的可能性很小)?

Consider these methods from java.lang.String

/**
 * Returns the string representation of the <code>Object</code> argument.
 *
 * @param   obj   an <code>Object</code>.
 * @return  if the argument is <code>null</code>, then a string equal to
 *          <code>"null"</code>; otherwise, the value of
 *          <code>obj.toString()</code> is returned.
 * @see     java.lang.Object#toString()
 */
public static String valueOf(Object obj) {
    return (obj == null) ? "null" : obj.toString();
}

/**
 * Returns the string representation of the <code>char</code> array
 * argument. The contents of the character array are copied; subsequent
 * modification of the character array does not affect the newly
 * created string.
 *
 * @param   data   a <code>char</code> array.
 * @return  a newly allocated string representing the same sequence of
 *          characters contained in the character array argument.
 */
public static String valueOf(char data[]) {
    return new String(data);
}

and this Scala code

val result = String.valueOf(null)

which results in

String.valueOf(null)
java.lang.NullPointerException
  at java.lang.String.<init>(String.java:193)
  at java.lang.String.valueOf(String.java:2852)

It works if you annotate null with any other type except Array[Char].

Why does the Scala compiler seem to prefer Array[Char] to Object considering that Array is effectively final and can't be overridden and is invariant in its element type (so the chance that this usage is intended is quite small)?

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梦里寻她 2024-10-19 07:57:12

Array[Char] 优于 Object,因为它更具体。如果某些东西可以转换为 X 或 Y 类型,并且存在从 X Y 的转换,那么 X 比 Y 更具体......并且在重载时 X 实际上比 Y 更受青睐。

至少,这是假设 Scala 在重载解析方面与 Java 类似,我强烈希望它是这样。

不过,这应该很容易避免 - 只需将 null 引用强制转换为 Object 即可,以使 Array[Char] 的重载不适用。

编辑:好的,简单地查看了 Scala 语言规范 比这稍微复杂一些,但我相信基本前提是相同的。请参阅上一个链接中的 p97 了解所有血淋淋的细节。

Array[Char] is preferred to Object because it's more specific. If something can be converted to types X or Y, and there's a conversion from X to Y, then X is more specific than Y... and X is effectively preferred over Y when it comes to overloads.

At least, that's assuming Scala is like Java in terms of overload resolution, which I strongly expect it is.

It should be easy to avoid though - just cast the null reference to Object, to make the overload taking Array[Char] non-applicable.

EDIT: Okay, having looked at the Scala language specification briefly it's a little more complicated than that, but I believe the basic premise is the same. See p97 in the previous link for all the gory details.

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