JPA 2:外键中的多列使用
我使用 Hibernate 作为持久性提供程序,并使用 JPA 2 为我的实体建模。
现在出现了一个问题,我希望您能帮助我。
在我的应用程序中,您可以打开一个游戏,在其中创建玩家组并在地图上走动(图块(2d))。
首先是我的实体定义: 游戏:
@Entity
public class Game implements Serializable {
@Id
@SequenceGenerator(name = "gen_gameid", sequenceName = "seq_gameid")
@GeneratedValue(generator="gen_gameid")
private long gameid;
/**
* Playing Characters.
*/
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "game")
private List<Character> characters;
private int round = 0;
@OneToMany(mappedBy="game")
private List<Tile> tiles;
@OneToMany(mappedBy="game")
private List<Group> group;
图块(图块将从模板创建,并且只属于一个游戏):
@Entity @IdClass(TileId.class)
public class Tile implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 2039974286110729270L;
@Id
private int x;
@Id
private int y;
@Id @ManyToOne @JoinColumn(name="gameid")
private Game game;
@OneToOne(mappedBy="tile")
private Character character;
}
角色:
@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name="gameid", referencedColumnName = "gameid")
private Game game;
@ManyToOne
@JoinColumns({
@JoinColumn(name="groupgameid", referencedColumnName = "gameid"),
@JoinColumn(name="groupTag", referencedColumnName = "grouptag")
})
private Group group;
@OneToOne
@JoinColumns({
@JoinColumn(name = "x", referencedColumnName = "x"),
@JoinColumn(name = "y", referencedColumnName = "y"),
@JoinColumn(name = "tilegameid", referencedColumnName = "gameid")
})
private Tile tile;
如您所见,我必须将 gameid 列重命名为 groupgameid 和tilegameid。这不是很漂亮,因为我只需要一次角色中的游戏ID。 要使用 insertable=false、updateable=false 来标记图块和组中的 fk 列,将允许生成 sql,但我无法更改/设置此值。
当然,我可以在组和图块中引入人工PK,但我需要更多的连接。
JPA 是否只是限制我必须多次允许 gameid 列使用其他名称?还是我的设计不是最优的?
期待您的反馈并提前致谢。 问候 马库斯
PS(编辑): 目前,我让架构在启动时由休眠生成,直到我的模型完成。但这里是生成的 shema(稍微简化并删除了一些不重要的字段):
CREATE TABLE Character
(
charid bigint NOT NULL,
gameid bigint,
grouptag character varying(255),
x integer,
y integer,
CONSTRAINT hero_pkey PRIMARY KEY (charid),
CONSTRAINT fkd4addb09308bc3b822441a FOREIGN KEY (gameid)
REFERENCES game (gameid) MATCH SIMPLE
ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE NO ACTION,
CONSTRAINT fkd4addb093091cb6522441a FOREIGN KEY (gameid, x, y)
REFERENCES tile (gameid, x, y) MATCH SIMPLE
ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE NO ACTION,
CONSTRAINT fkd4addb09c018f3ae22441a FOREIGN KEY (gameid, grouptag)
REFERENCES gamegroup (gameid, grouptag) MATCH SIMPLE
ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE NO ACTION
)
CREATE TABLE tile (
x integer NOT NULL,
y integer NOT NULL,
gameid bigint NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT tile_pkey PRIMARY KEY (gameid, x, y),
CONSTRAINT fk27c6ce308bc3b8 FOREIGN KEY (gameid)
REFERENCES game (gameid) MATCH SIMPLE
ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE NO ACTION)
CREATE TABLE gamegroup
(
grouptag character varying(255) NOT NULL,
gameid bigint NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT gamegroup_pkey PRIMARY KEY (gameid, grouptag),
CONSTRAINT fk3c1c51cd308bc3b8 FOREIGN KEY (gameid)
REFERENCES game (gameid) MATCH SIMPLE
ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE NO ACTION
)
PS 2:我已经玩过 , insertable = false, updatetable = false
。 例如,当我将组 JoinColumns 更改为:
@ManyToOne
@JoinColumns({
@JoinColumn(name="gameid", referencedColumnName = "gameid", insertable = false, updatable = false ),
@JoinColumn(name="groupTag", referencedColumnName = "grouptag")
})
private Group group;
我收到一条错误,不允许混合: 引起原因:org.hibernate.AnnotationException:不允许在属性中混合可插入和不可插入列:net.hq.model.Charactergroup
当我将两者设置为 insertable=false 时,我无法再设置组标签。插入并设置 gameid 后,groupTag 保持为空。 :-/
将角色添加到组的方式:
// Create game
Game game = new Game();
game.addCharacter(max);
em.persist(game);
// Group
Group heroGroup = new Group(game, "HEROES");
heroGroup.addCharacter(max);
em.persist(game);
组类中的方法:
public void addCharacter(Character character){
if(this.characters == null)
this.characters = new ArrayList<Character>();
this.characters.add(character);
character.setGroup(this);
}
I am using Hibernate as persistence provider and modelling my entities with JPA 2.
Now a question came up and i hope you can help me.
In my application you can open up a Game, create groups of players in it and walk around on the map (tiles (2d)).
First my entity definitions:
Game:
@Entity
public class Game implements Serializable {
@Id
@SequenceGenerator(name = "gen_gameid", sequenceName = "seq_gameid")
@GeneratedValue(generator="gen_gameid")
private long gameid;
/**
* Playing Characters.
*/
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "game")
private List<Character> characters;
private int round = 0;
@OneToMany(mappedBy="game")
private List<Tile> tiles;
@OneToMany(mappedBy="game")
private List<Group> group;
Tile (a tile will be created from a template and belongs to just one game):
@Entity @IdClass(TileId.class)
public class Tile implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 2039974286110729270L;
@Id
private int x;
@Id
private int y;
@Id @ManyToOne @JoinColumn(name="gameid")
private Game game;
@OneToOne(mappedBy="tile")
private Character character;
}
Character:
@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name="gameid", referencedColumnName = "gameid")
private Game game;
@ManyToOne
@JoinColumns({
@JoinColumn(name="groupgameid", referencedColumnName = "gameid"),
@JoinColumn(name="groupTag", referencedColumnName = "grouptag")
})
private Group group;
@OneToOne
@JoinColumns({
@JoinColumn(name = "x", referencedColumnName = "x"),
@JoinColumn(name = "y", referencedColumnName = "y"),
@JoinColumn(name = "tilegameid", referencedColumnName = "gameid")
})
private Tile tile;
As you can see i had to rename the gameid column to groupgameid and tilegameid. This is not very pretty because i would need the gameid in character just once.
To mark the fk columns in character from tile and group with insertable=false, updateable=false will allow the sql generation, but i can't change/set this values.
Sure i could introduce an artificial pk in group and tile, but i would need more joins.
Is JPA just limited that i have to allow the gameid column more than once with other names? Or is my design not optimal?
Looking forward to your feedback and thanks in advance.
greetings
Markus
PS (edit):
At Moment i let the shema generate by hibernate at startup till my model is complete. But here is the generated shema (bit simplified and cutted out some unimportant fields):
CREATE TABLE Character
(
charid bigint NOT NULL,
gameid bigint,
grouptag character varying(255),
x integer,
y integer,
CONSTRAINT hero_pkey PRIMARY KEY (charid),
CONSTRAINT fkd4addb09308bc3b822441a FOREIGN KEY (gameid)
REFERENCES game (gameid) MATCH SIMPLE
ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE NO ACTION,
CONSTRAINT fkd4addb093091cb6522441a FOREIGN KEY (gameid, x, y)
REFERENCES tile (gameid, x, y) MATCH SIMPLE
ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE NO ACTION,
CONSTRAINT fkd4addb09c018f3ae22441a FOREIGN KEY (gameid, grouptag)
REFERENCES gamegroup (gameid, grouptag) MATCH SIMPLE
ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE NO ACTION
)
CREATE TABLE tile (
x integer NOT NULL,
y integer NOT NULL,
gameid bigint NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT tile_pkey PRIMARY KEY (gameid, x, y),
CONSTRAINT fk27c6ce308bc3b8 FOREIGN KEY (gameid)
REFERENCES game (gameid) MATCH SIMPLE
ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE NO ACTION)
CREATE TABLE gamegroup
(
grouptag character varying(255) NOT NULL,
gameid bigint NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT gamegroup_pkey PRIMARY KEY (gameid, grouptag),
CONSTRAINT fk3c1c51cd308bc3b8 FOREIGN KEY (gameid)
REFERENCES game (gameid) MATCH SIMPLE
ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE NO ACTION
)
PS 2: I already played around with , insertable = false, updatable = false
.
For example when i change the group JoinColumns to:
@ManyToOne
@JoinColumns({
@JoinColumn(name="gameid", referencedColumnName = "gameid", insertable = false, updatable = false ),
@JoinColumn(name="groupTag", referencedColumnName = "grouptag")
})
private Group group;
I get an Error that mixing is not allowed:
Caused by: org.hibernate.AnnotationException: Mixing insertable and non insertable columns in a property is not allowed: net.hq.model.Charactergroup
When i make both insertable=false i am not able to set the group tag anymore. It groupTag stays empty after insertion and gameid is set. :-/
The way i add a Character to a group:
// Create game
Game game = new Game();
game.addCharacter(max);
em.persist(game);
// Group
Group heroGroup = new Group(game, "HEROES");
heroGroup.addCharacter(max);
em.persist(game);
Method in Group Class:
public void addCharacter(Character character){
if(this.characters == null)
this.characters = new ArrayList<Character>();
this.characters.add(character);
character.setGroup(this);
}
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您需要这样做:
编辑:正如评论中提到的,
@JoinColumn
是一个可重复的注释(自Java 8起),它不需要包装。这将解决方案简化为:You need to do this:
EDIT: as mentioned in the comments,
@JoinColumn
is a repeatable annotation (since Java 8) that doesn't need wrapping. This simplifies the solution to:您确定不能对这些
@JoinColumn
使用insertable = false, updateable = false
吗?据我了解,您可以通过设置
game
属性来初始化gameid
一次,之后就不需要更改它,因为Tile
和Group
属于同一个Game
。Are you sure you can't use
insertable = false, updateable = false
for these@JoinColumn
s?As far as I understand, you can initialize
gameid
once by settinggame
property, and after that you don't need to change it sinceTile
s andGroup
s belong to the sameGame
.