PowerShell 2.0如何处理异常？

发布于 2024-10-12 04:55:31 字数 1008 浏览 0 评论 0原文

为什么我在运行这两个简单示例时在控制台上打印错误消息？我希望我在控制台上打印“错误测试:)”，而不是：

Get-WmiObject ：RPC 服务器是不可用。（HRESULT 的异常： 0x800706BA) 在行:3 字符:15 + Get-WmiObject <<<<< -计算机名可能是.nonexisting.domain.com -Credential（获取凭据）-Win32_logicdisk 类 + CategoryInfo : InvalidOperation: (:) [Get-WmiObject], COM异常 +FullyQualifiedErrorId：GetWMICOMException，Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetWmiObjectCommand

或

尝试除以零。行数：3 字符：13 + $i = 1/ <<<<< 0
+ 类别信息：未指定：(:) []，父包含错误记录异常 + FullQualifiedErrorId：运行时异常

第一个示例：

try
{
    $i = 1/0   
    Write-Host $i     
}
catch [Exception]
{ 
    Write-Host "Error testing :)" 
}

第二个示例：

try
{
    Get-WmiObject -ComputerName possibly.nonexisting.domain.com -Credential (Get-Credential) -Class Win32_logicaldisk 
}
catch [Exception]
{ 
    Write-Host "Error testing :)" 
}

非常感谢！

原文

Why I get error message printed on the console when running these two simple samples ?
I want that I get "Error testing :)" printed on the console insted of:

Get-WmiObject : The RPC server is
unavailable. (Exception from HRESULT:
0x800706BA) At line:3 char:15
+ Get-WmiObject <<<< -ComputerName possibly.nonexisting.domain.com
-Credential (Get-Credential) -Class Win32_logicaldisk
+ CategoryInfo : InvalidOperation: (:) [Get-WmiObject],
COMException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : GetWMICOMException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetWmiObjectCommand

Attempted to divide by zero. At line:3
char:13
+ $i = 1/ <<<< 0
+ CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [],
ParentContainsErrorRecordException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : RuntimeException

First example:

try
{
    $i = 1/0   
    Write-Host $i     
}
catch [Exception]
{ 
    Write-Host "Error testing :)" 
}

Second example:

try
{
    Get-WmiObject -ComputerName possibly.nonexisting.domain.com -Credential (Get-Credential) -Class Win32_logicaldisk 
}
catch [Exception]
{ 
    Write-Host "Error testing :)" 
}

Thank you very much!

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别挽留 2024-10-19 04:55:31

第一个示例

错误发生在编译/解析时（PowerShell 足够聪明），因此代码甚至没有执行，并且确实无法捕获任何内容。尝试使用此代码，您将捕获异常：

try
{
    $x = 0
    $i = 1/$x
    Write-Host $i
}
catch [Exception]
{
    Write-Host "Error testing :)"
}

第二个示例

如果您全局设置$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'，那么您将得到“错误测试:)”打印，如下所示预期的。但是您的 $ErrorActionPreference 可能是 'Continue'：在这种情况下，没有终止错误/异常，您只会得到引擎打印到主机的非终止错误消息。

除了全局 $ErrorActionPreference 选项，您还可以使用 Get-WmiObject 参数 ErrorAction。尝试将其设置为 Stop，您将捕获异常。

try
{
    Get-WmiObject -ErrorAction Stop -ComputerName possibly.nonexisting.domain.com -Credential (Get-Credential) -Class Win32_logicaldisk
}
catch [Exception]
{
    Write-Host "Error testing :)"
}

First example

The error happens at compile/parsing time (PowerShell is clever enough), so that the code is not even executed and it cannot catch anything, indeed. Try this code instead and you will catch an exception:

try
{
    $x = 0
    $i = 1/$x
    Write-Host $i
}
catch [Exception]
{
    Write-Host "Error testing :)"
}

Second example

If you set $ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop' globally then you will get "Error testing :)" printed, as expected. But your $ErrorActionPreference is presumably 'Continue': in that case there is no terminating error/exception and you just get the non terminating error message printed to the host by the engine.

Instead of the global $ErrorActionPreference option you can also play with Get-WmiObject parameter ErrorAction. Try to set it to Stop and you will catch an exception.

try
{
    Get-WmiObject -ErrorAction Stop -ComputerName possibly.nonexisting.domain.com -Credential (Get-Credential) -Class Win32_logicaldisk
}
catch [Exception]
{
    Write-Host "Error testing :)"
}

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